Venkatesan A, Nath A, Ming G-l, Song H
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Aug;64(16):2120-32. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-7063-5.
New dentate granule cells are continuously generated from neural progenitor cells and integrated into the existing hippocampal circuitry in the adult mammalian brain through an orchestrated process termed adult neurogenesis. While the exact function remains elusive, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to play important roles in specific cognitive functions. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by a variety of physiological and pathological stimulations. Here we review emerging evidence showing that HIV infection and several drugs of abuse result in molecular changes that may affect different aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. These new findings raise the possibility that cognitive dysfunction in the setting of HIV infection or drug abuse may, in part, be related to alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis. A better understanding of how HIV and drugs of abuse affect both molecular and cellular aspects of adult neurogenesis may lead to development of more effective therapeutic interventions for these interlinked epidemics.
新的齿状颗粒细胞不断从神经祖细胞产生，并通过一个被称为成体神经发生的精心编排的过程整合到成年哺乳动物大脑中现有的海马回路中。虽然确切功能仍不清楚，但成体神经发生已被认为在特定认知功能中发挥重要作用。成年海马神经发生受多种生理和病理刺激调节。在这里，我们综述了新出现的证据，表明HIV感染和几种滥用药物会导致分子变化，可能影响成年海马神经发生的不同方面。这些新发现增加了这样一种可能性，即HIV感染或药物滥用情况下的认知功能障碍可能部分与海马神经发生的改变有关。更好地理解HIV和滥用药物如何影响成体神经发生的分子和细胞方面，可能会为这些相互关联的流行病开发出更有效的治疗干预措施。
