Kellner Corina M, Schoeninger Margaret J
Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0532, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007 Aug;133(4):1112-27. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20618.
A compilation of experimental animal data shows that neither delta13C(collagen) nor delta13C(apatite) nor Delta13C(CO-AP) indicate diagnostic reconstructions of diet, diet energy and diet protein. In contrast, plots of delta13C(collagen) against delta13C(apatite) provide a model of three regression lines (C3, C4, and marine diet protein) where position on each line indicates the energy source (C3, C4, or mixed). Neither body size nor trophic position appears to affect these relationships. Modern free-ranging, terrestrial fauna do not fit the model perhaps because they, unlike the experimental fauna, mainly use fermentation rather than digestion during energy metabolism. Archaeological humans fall as expected based on associated floral and faunal evidence. Foraging people plot at positions expected from associated C3 fauna and plants. Those from Cahokia plot, as expected, from associated deer, nuts, and maize whereas people from nearby smaller sites plot in positions consistent with eating more fish. Agriculturists from Ontario and Grasshopper Pueblo plot consistent with dependence on fish by the former and on turkeys by the latter. In Tierra del Fuego, people from interior regions ate more terrestrial fauna, as suggested by ethnohistoric reports, than did people from the coast. In the Southwestern Cape in South Africa individuals late in the sequence have pure C3 diets whereas ones early in the sequence ate marine protein as suggested by independent archaeological evidence. People on San Nicolas Island depended on C4 plants in contrast to other islands off California's coast. This simple model provides more detailed and precise dietary information than do individual isotopic measures.
一系列实验动物数据表明，无论是δ13C（胶原蛋白）、δ13C（磷灰石）还是Δ13C（CO - AP），都无法用于诊断性地重建饮食、饮食能量和饮食蛋白质。相比之下，δ13C（胶原蛋白）与δ13C（磷灰石）的关系图提供了一个包含三条回归线（C3、C4和海洋饮食蛋白质）的模型，每条线上的位置表明了能量来源（C3、C4或混合）。体型和营养级似乎都不影响这些关系。现代自由放养的陆生动物不符合该模型，可能是因为与实验动物不同，它们在能量代谢过程中主要利用发酵而非消化。根据相关的动植物证据，考古人类的情况符合预期。觅食人群处于与相关C3动物和植物预期相符的位置。来自卡霍基亚的人，正如预期的那样，处于与相关鹿、坚果和玉米相符的位置，而来自附近较小遗址的人则处于与食用更多鱼类相符的位置。来自安大略省和蚱蜢普韦布洛的农业人群的位置分别与前者对鱼类的依赖和后者对火鸡的依赖相符。在火地岛，正如民族历史报告所表明的，内陆地区的人比沿海地区的人食用更多的陆生动物。在南非西南开普地区，序列后期的个体有纯C3饮食，而序列早期的个体则如独立考古证据所表明的那样食用海洋蛋白质。与加利福尼亚海岸的其他岛屿不同，圣尼古拉斯岛上的人依赖C4植物。这个简单的模型比单个同位素测量提供了更详细和精确的饮食信息。
