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历史的面纱：揭开葡萄牙圣塔伦早期穆斯林人口的生活方式（公元 8 世纪-10 世纪）。

Shrouded in history: Unveiling the ways of life of an early Muslim population in Santarém, Portugal (8th- 10th century AD).

机构信息

HERCULES Laboratory and IN2PAST, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.

Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património (CEAACP), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2024 Mar 6;19(3):e0299958. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299958. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0299958
PMID:38446809
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10917335/
Abstract

In around 716 AD, the city of Santarém, Portugal, was conquered by the Berber and Arab armies that swept the Iberian Peninsula and went on to rule the region until the 12th century. Archaeological excavations in 2007/08 discovered an Islamic necropolis (Avenida 5 de Outubro #2-8) that appears to contain the remains of an early Muslim population in Santarém (8th- 10th century). In this study, skeletal material from 58 adult individuals was analysed for stable carbon (δ13Ccol; δ13Cap), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope ratios in bones, and stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13Cen) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in tooth enamel. The results of this study revealed a dietary pattern of predominantly C3-plant and domestic C3-fed herbivore consumption during adulthood (δ13Ccol and δ15N, respectively) but a higher proportion of C4-plant input during childhood (δ13Cen) for some individuals-interpreted as possible childhood consumption of millet porridge, a common practice in North Africa-in those with unorthodox burial types (Groups 1 and 2) that was not practiced in the individuals with canonical burials (Group 3). In this first mobility study of a medieval Muslim population in Portugal, δ18ODW values revealed greater heterogeneity in Groups 1 and 2, consistent with diverse origins, some in more humid regions than Santarém when compared to regional precipitation δ18O data, contrasting the more homogenous Group 3, consistent with the local precipitation δ18O range. Ancient DNA analysis conducted on three individuals revealed maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) lineages compatible with a North African origin for (at least) some of the individuals. Additionally, mobility of females in this population was higher than males, potentially resulting from a patrilocal social system, practiced in Berber and Arab communities. These results serve to offer a more detailed insight into the ancestry and cultural practices of early Muslim populations in Iberia.

摘要

大约在公元 716 年，葡萄牙的桑塔伦市被横扫伊比利亚半岛的柏柏尔人和阿拉伯军队征服，并在 12 世纪之前一直统治着该地区。2007/08 年的考古发掘发现了一个伊斯兰墓地（Avenida 5 de Outubro #2-8），似乎包含了桑塔伦早期穆斯林人口的遗骸（8-10 世纪）。在这项研究中，对 58 名成年个体的骨骼材料进行了稳定碳（δ13Ccol；δ13Cap）、氮（δ15N）和硫（δ34S）同位素比值分析，以及牙齿珐琅质中的稳定氧（δ18O）、碳（δ13Cen）和放射性锶（87Sr/86Sr）同位素分析。这项研究的结果表明，在成年期，饮食模式主要是 C3 植物和家养的 C3 草食动物（分别为 δ13Ccol 和 δ15N），但一些个体在儿童期有更高比例的 C4 植物摄入（δ13Cen）——这可能是儿童时期食用小米粥的结果，这在北非是一种常见做法——在那些葬式不规范的个体（群体 1 和 2）中，但在那些葬式规范的个体（群体 3）中则没有。这是葡萄牙第一个中世纪穆斯林人口的迁移研究，δ18ODW 值显示群体 1 和 2 之间存在更大的异质性，与起源地的多样性一致，与该地区降水 δ18O 数据相比，一些个体的起源地比桑塔伦更潮湿，而群体 3 则更为同质，与当地降水 δ18O 范围一致。对三个人进行的古代 DNA 分析显示，母系（线粒体 DNA）和父系（Y 染色体）谱系与北非起源（至少）部分个体兼容。此外，该人群中女性的流动性高于男性，这可能是由于柏柏尔人和阿拉伯社区实行的父系社会制度。这些结果为深入了解伊比利亚早期穆斯林人口的祖先和文化习俗提供了更详细的信息。

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