Walsh Mark S, Böhm Harald, Butterfield Michelle M, Santhosam Jabakar
Physical Education, Health and Sport Studies Department, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):362-6. doi: 10.1519/R-19825.1.
The ability to jump high is considered important in a number of sports. It is commonly accepted that the use of the arms and a counter movement increase jump height. In some sport situations (e.g., volley ball block, basketball rebound), athletes may not be able to utilize a counter movement or arm swing. The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in the contribution of the arm swing and counter movement to vertical jump height. Fifty college students, 25 men (age = 21.4 +/- 1.7 years, height = 182.2 +/- 8 cm, weight = 83.7 +/- 12.4 kg) and 25 women (age = 20.7 +/- 1.6 years, height = 166.7 +/- 6.3 cm, weight = 61.5 +/- 7.0 kg), performed 4 jumping movements: squat jumps with hands on hips (SNA), counter movement jump with hands on hips (CMNA), squat jump with arm swing (SA), and counter movement with arm swing (CMA). Significant differences were found between men's and women's performance, as well as between each type of jump within each gender. A mixed-model analysis of variance detected gender differences with respect to changes in the jumping movement. For both sexes the jumps in order from worst to best were SNA, CMNA, SA, and CMA. Peak power values for men were 4,057, 4,020, 4,644, and 4,747 W, respectively, for the 4 jumps. The female power values were 2,543, 2,445, 2,842, and 2,788 W, respectively, for the 4 jumps. Arms increased jump height more than a counter movement for both genders, with jump heights for men at 29.6, 31, 36, and 38 cm, respectively, and those of women 21, 22, 26, and 27 cm, respectively. Use of the arms was found to increase the jump height of the men significantly more than that of women. Changes in jumping movements affect men and women differently. The greater increase in jump height for the men when using the arm swing could be because of greater upper body strength of men compared with women. This could have applications to training and upper body strength and also to modeling of jumping movements.
在许多体育运动中，跳高能力被认为很重要。人们普遍认为，手臂的摆动和反向动作能增加跳跃高度。在某些运动场景中（如排球拦网、篮球篮板球），运动员可能无法利用反向动作或手臂摆动。本研究的目的是探讨手臂摆动和反向动作对垂直跳跃高度贡献的性别差异。五十名大学生，25名男性（年龄 = 21.4 ± 1.7岁，身高 = 182.2 ± 8厘米，体重 = 83.7 ± 12.4千克）和25名女性（年龄 = 20.7 ± 1.6岁，身高 = 166.7 ± 6.3厘米，体重 = 61.5 ± 7.0千克），进行了4种跳跃动作：双手叉腰深蹲跳（SNA）、双手叉腰反向动作跳（CMNA）、手臂摆动深蹲跳（SA）和手臂摆动反向动作跳（CMA）。发现男性和女性的表现之间存在显著差异，以及每个性别内每种跳跃类型之间也存在显著差异。混合模型方差分析检测到跳跃动作变化方面的性别差异。对于男女两性，从最差到最好的跳跃顺序是SNA、CMNA、SA和CMA。男性4种跳跃的峰值功率值分别为4057、4020、4644和4747瓦。女性4种跳跃的功率值分别为2543、2445、2842和2788瓦。对于男女两性，手臂增加跳跃高度的效果比反向动作更明显，男性的跳跃高度分别为29.6、31、36和38厘米，女性的分别为21、22、26和27厘米。发现手臂的使用对男性跳跃高度的增加显著大于女性。跳跃动作的变化对男性和女性的影响不同。男性在使用手臂摆动时跳跃高度增加幅度更大，可能是因为男性的上身力量比女性更强。这可能应用于训练和上身力量，也应用于跳跃动作的建模。
