Hasegawa Hiroshi, Inui Fujio
Laboratory of Exercise Science, Department of Business Management, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):405-8. doi: 10.1519/R-22106.1.
The primary purpose of this study was to document the physiological responses of level walking and running (LW/R) at various speeds, and grade walking (GW) at various grades on a treadmill. Twenty-four young untrained Japanese women performed 2 tests on the specially designed treadmill for a higher grade exercise. The first test was the LW/R with increase of speeds, 33.3, 66.7, 91.7, and 116.7 m.min(-1). The first 3 progressions were for walking and the last progression was for running. The second test was the GW with increase of grades 0, 10, 20, and 30% with the velocity of 33.3 m.min(-1) in all progressions. The different combinations of speeds and grade for the progressions used in this study were selected based on the results of preliminary pilot studies, so that the percent heart rate maximim (%HRmax) was reached at the minimum intensities recommended to allow improving cardiorespiratory fitness by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Significant (p <or= 0.05) differences were found for VO2 (l.min(-1) and l.kg(-1).min(-1)), HR, %HRmax, percent heart rate reserve, and rating of perceived exertion between all 4 progressions in LW/R and GW. However, no significant differences in all variables except step rate between each progression for LW/R and GW. There were significant differences between measured VO2 and VO2 calculated from ACSM metabolic equations on all progressions in LW/R and GW (p <or= 0.05). These results indicated that the walking at the slower speed of 33.3 m.min(-1) at a higher grade of 30% is effective as much as the level running at 116.6 m.min(-1), and more effective than brisk level walking at 91.7 m.min(-1) to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in untrained young women. The ACSM equation for walking and running underestimates VO2 for young untrained Japanese women. Population characteristics (e.g., body size and age) should be considered when designing cardiorespiratory fitness programs based on the ACSM equation.
本研究的主要目的是记录在跑步机上以不同速度进行的平路行走和跑步（LW/R）以及在不同坡度下进行的坡度行走（GW）的生理反应。24名未经训练的年轻日本女性在专门设计的用于更高强度运动的跑步机上进行了2项测试。第一项测试是LW/R，速度依次增加，分别为33.3、66.7、91.7和116.7米·分钟⁻¹。前3个阶段是行走，最后一个阶段是跑步。第二项测试是GW，在所有阶段速度均为33.3米·分钟⁻¹，坡度依次增加0%、10%、20%和30%。本研究中所采用的不同速度和坡度组合是根据初步预试验的结果选定的，以便在美国运动医学学院（ACSM）推荐的最低强度下达到心率最大值百分比（%HRmax），从而有助于提高心肺适能。在LW/R和GW的所有4个阶段之间，发现摄氧量（升·分钟⁻¹和升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）、心率、%HRmax、心率储备百分比和主观用力程度分级存在显著（p≤0.05）差异。然而，除步频外，LW/R和GW各阶段之间的所有变量均无显著差异。在LW/R和GW的所有阶段，测量的摄氧量与根据ACSM代谢方程计算出的摄氧量之间存在显著差异（p≤0.05）。这些结果表明，对于未经训练的年轻女性而言，在30%的较高坡度下以33.3米·分钟⁻¹的较慢速度行走与以116.6米·分钟⁻¹的平路跑步效果相同，且比以91.7米·分钟⁻¹的轻快平路行走更有效地提高心肺适能。ACSM的行走和跑步方程低估了未经训练的年轻日本女性的摄氧量。在基于ACSM方程设计心肺适能计划时，应考虑人群特征（如体型和年龄）。
