Pescatello Linda S, Kelsey Bethany K, Price Thomas B, Seip Richard L, Angelopoulos Theodore J, Clarkson Priscilla M, Gordon Paul M, Moyna Niall M, Visich Paul S, Zoeller Robert F, Gordish-Dressman Heather A, Bilbie Stephen M, Thompson Paul D, Hoffman Eric P
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):307-13. doi: 10.1519/R-22236.1.
Overweight and obesity result in musculoskeletal impairments that limit exercise capacity. We examined if the muscle strength and size response to resistance training (RT) differed among 687 young (mean +/- SEM, 24.2 +/- 0.2 years) overweight and obese (OW) compared to normal weight (NW) adults as denoted by the body mass index (BMI). Subjects were 449 NW (22.0 +/- 0.1 kg.m(-2), 23.4 +/- 0.3 years) and 238 OW (29.2 +/- 0.2 kg.m(-2), 25.6 +/- 0.4 years) men (n = 285) and women (n = 402) who underwent 12 weeks (2 d.wk(-1)) of RT of the nondominant arm. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) assessed peak elbow flexor strength. Magnetic resonance imaging measured the biceps muscle cross sectional area (CSA). Multiple dependent variable analysis of covariance tested if muscle strength and size differed among BMI groups pre-, post-, and pre-to-post-RT. Overweight and obese had greater MVC, 1RM, and CSA than NW pre- and post-RT (p < 0.001). Maximum voluntary contraction and 1RM gains were not different between BMI groups pre- to post-RT (p >or= 0.05). When adjusted for baseline values, NW had greater relative MVC (21.2 +/- 1.0 vs. 17.4 +/- 1.4%) and 1RM (54.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 49.0 +/- 2.0%) increases than OW (p < 0.05). Normal weight also had greater allometric MVC (0.48 +/- 0.02 kg.kg(-0.67) vs. 0.40 +/- 0.03 kg.kg(-0.67)) and 1RM (0.25 +/- 0.00 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.01 kg.kg(-0.67)) gains than OW (p < 0.05). CSA gains were greater among OW than NW (3.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.1 cm(2)) (p < 0.001); however, relative CSA increases were not different between BMI groups (19.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 18.4 +/- 0.7%) (p >or= 0.05). Despite similar relative muscle size increases, relative and allometic strength gains were less among OW than NW. These findings indicate the short-term relative and allometric muscle strength response to RT may be attenuated among adults who are overweight and obese.
超重和肥胖会导致肌肉骨骼功能障碍，限制运动能力。我们研究了687名年轻（平均±标准误，24.2±0.2岁）超重和肥胖（OW）成年人与正常体重（NW）成年人相比，其肌肉力量和大小对阻力训练（RT）的反应是否存在差异，体重指数（BMI）可作为衡量指标。受试者包括449名NW（22.0±0.1kg·m⁻²，23.4±0.3岁）和238名OW（29.2±0.2kg·m⁻²，25.6±0.4岁）的男性（n = 285）和女性（n = 402），他们对非优势手臂进行了12周（每周2天）的RT。最大自主收缩（MVC）和1次重复最大值（1RM）用于评估肘屈肌峰值力量。磁共振成像测量肱二头肌肌肉横截面积（CSA）。多变量协方差分析检验了BMI组在RT前、RT后以及RT前后肌肉力量和大小是否存在差异。超重和肥胖者在RT前后的MVC、1RM和CSA均高于NW（p < 0.001）。RT前后BMI组之间的MVC和1RM增加量没有差异（p≥0.05）。在根据基线值进行调整后，NW的相对MVC（21.2±1.0%对17.4±1.4%）和1RM（54.3±1.5%对49.0±2.0%）增加量高于OW（p < 0.05）。正常体重者的异速生长MVC（0.48±0.02kg·kg⁻⁰.⁶⁷对0.40±0.03kg·kg⁻⁰.⁶⁷）和1RM（0.25±0.00对0.22±0.01kg·kg⁻⁰.⁶⁷）增加量也高于OW（p < 0.05）。OW的CSA增加量高于NW（3.6±0.2对3.2±0.1cm²）（p < 0.001）；然而，BMI组之间的相对CSA增加量没有差异（19.4±0.5%对18.4±0.7%）（p≥0.05）。尽管相对肌肉大小增加相似，但OW的相对和异速生长力量增加量低于NW。这些发现表明，超重和肥胖成年人对RT的短期相对和异速生长肌肉力量反应可能会减弱。
