Klimesch Wolfgang, Sauseng Paul, Hanslmayr Simon, Gruber Walter, Freunberger Roman
Department of Physiological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(7):1003-16. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.03.005. Epub 2007 Apr 13.
The traditional view holds that event-related potentials (ERPs) reflect fixed latency, fixed polarity evoked responses that appear superimposed on the 'background EEG'. The validity of the evoked model has been questioned by studies arguing that ERPs are generated at least in part by a reset of ongoing oscillations. But a proof of phase reset that is distinct from the 'artificial' influence of evoked components on EEG phase-has been proven difficult for a variety of methodological reasons. We argue that a theoretical analysis of the assumptions and empirical evaluation of predictions of the evoked and oscillatory ERP model offer a promising way to shed new light on mechanisms generating ERPs that goes well beyond attempts to prove phase reset. Research on EEG oscillations documents that oscillations are task relevant and show a common operating principle, which is the control of the timing of neural activity. Both findings suggest that phase reorganization of task relevant oscillations is a theoretical necessity. We further argue and show evidence that (i) task relevant oscillations exhibit a typical interactive and task relevant relationship between pre- and poststimulus power in the theta and alpha frequency range in a way that small prestimulus power is related to large poststimulus power and vice versa, (ii) ERP (interpeak) latencies and (iii) ERP amplitudes reflect frequency characteristics of alpha and theta oscillations. We emphasize that central assumptions of the evoked model cannot be substantiated and conclude that the ERPR model offers a new way for an integrative interpretation of ongoing and event-related EEG phenomena.
传统观点认为，事件相关电位（ERP）反映了固定潜伏期、固定极性的诱发反应，这些反应似乎叠加在“背景脑电图”上。一些研究对诱发模型的有效性提出了质疑，认为ERP至少部分是由正在进行的振荡重置产生的。但由于各种方法学原因，要证明相位重置与诱发成分对脑电图相位的“人为”影响不同一直很困难。我们认为，对诱发和振荡ERP模型的假设进行理论分析以及对预测进行实证评估，为深入了解产生ERP的机制提供了一条很有前景的途径，这远远超出了证明相位重置的尝试。对脑电图振荡的研究表明，振荡与任务相关，并显示出一种共同的操作原则，即对神经活动时间的控制。这两个发现都表明，与任务相关的振荡的相位重组在理论上是必要的。我们进一步论证并给出证据表明：（i）与任务相关的振荡在θ和α频率范围内的刺激前和刺激后功率之间呈现出典型的交互且与任务相关的关系，即小的刺激前功率与大的刺激后功率相关，反之亦然；（ii）ERP（峰间）潜伏期；（iii）ERP振幅反映了α和θ振荡的频率特征。我们强调诱发模型的核心假设无法得到证实，并得出结论：ERP振荡重置（ERPR）模型为综合解释正在进行的和与事件相关的脑电图现象提供了一种新方法。
