Day Samuel B, Gentner Dedre
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jan;35(1):39-49. doi: 10.3758/bf03195940.
We present findings suggesting that analogical inference processes can play a role in fluent comprehension and interpretation. Participants were found to use information from a prior relationally similar example in understanding the content of a later example, but they reported that they were not aware of having done so. These inference processes were sensitive to structural mappings between the two instances, ruling out explanations based solely on more general kinds of activation, such as priming. Reading speed measures were consistent with the possibility that these inferences had taken place during encoding of the target rather than during the later recognition test. These findings suggest that analogical mapping, though often viewed as an explicit deliberative process, can sometimes operate without intent or even awareness.
我们展示的研究结果表明，类比推理过程可能在流畅的理解和阐释中发挥作用。研究发现，参与者在理解后续例子的内容时会运用先前关系相似例子中的信息，但他们表示并未意识到自己这样做了。这些推理过程对两个实例之间的结构映射很敏感，排除了仅基于更一般类型的激活（如启动效应）的解释。阅读速度测量结果与这些推理在目标编码期间而非后续识别测试期间发生的可能性一致。这些发现表明，类比映射虽然通常被视为一个明确的深思熟虑过程，但有时可以在无意甚至无意识的情况下运作。
