Drake Emily E, Humenick Sharron S, Amankwaa Linda, Younger Janet, Roux Gayle
University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0782, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2007;39(2):119-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00156.x.
To explore maternal responsiveness in the first 2 to 4 months after delivery and to evaluate potential predictors of maternal responsiveness, including infant feeding, maternal characteristics, and demographic factors such as age, socioeconomic status, and educational level.
A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the variables of maternal responsiveness, feeding patterns, and maternal characteristics in a convenience sample of 177 mothers in the first 2 to 4 months after delivery. The 60-item self-report instrument included scales to measure maternal responsiveness, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life as well as infant feeding questions and sociodemographic items. An online data-collection strategy was used, resulting in participants from 41 U.S. states.
Multiple regression analysis showed that satisfaction with life, self-esteem, and number of children, but not breastfeeding, explained a significant portion of the variance in self-reported maternal responsiveness scores. In this analysis, sociodemographic variables such as age, education, income, and work status showed little or no relationship to maternal responsiveness scores.
This study provides additional information about patterns of maternal behavior in the transition to motherhood and some of the variables that influence that transition. Satisfaction with life was a new predictor of maternal responsiveness. However, with only 15% of the variance explained by the predictors in this study, a large portion of the variance in maternal responsiveness remains unexplained. Further research in this area is needed.
探讨产后头2至4个月母亲的反应能力，并评估母亲反应能力的潜在预测因素，包括婴儿喂养情况、母亲特征以及年龄、社会经济地位和教育水平等人口统计学因素。
采用横断面调查设计，对177名产后2至4个月的母亲组成的便利样本中的母亲反应能力、喂养模式和母亲特征变量进行评估。这份包含60个项目的自我报告工具包括测量母亲反应能力、自尊和生活满意度的量表，以及婴儿喂养问题和社会人口学项目。采用在线数据收集策略，参与者来自美国41个州。
多元回归分析表明，生活满意度、自尊和子女数量而非母乳喂养，在很大程度上解释了自我报告的母亲反应能力得分的差异。在该分析中，年龄、教育程度、收入和工作状况等社会人口学变量与母亲反应能力得分几乎没有关系。
本研究提供了关于向母亲角色转变过程中母亲行为模式以及一些影响该转变的变量的更多信息。生活满意度是母亲反应能力的一个新的预测因素。然而，本研究中的预测因素仅解释了15%的差异，母亲反应能力的很大一部分差异仍未得到解释。该领域需要进一步研究。
