能量限制期间的蛋白质摄入：对绝经后女性身体成分以及代谢和心血管健康标志物的影响
Protein intake during energy restriction: effects on body composition and markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women.
作者信息
Mahon Anne K, Flynn Michael G, Stewart Laura K, McFarlin Brian K, Iglay Heidi B, Mattes Richard D, Lyle Roseann M, Considine Robert V, Campbell Wayne W
机构信息
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA.
出版信息
J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Apr;26(2):182-9. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719600.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition. Clinical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were also measured.
DESIGN
54 postmenopausal women, age 58 +/- 2 y, body mass index 29.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2), were assigned to one of four groups. For 9 weeks, three ER groups ate a 1000 kcal/d lacto-ovo vegetarian basal diet plus 250 kcal/d of either beef (BEEF, n = 14), chicken (CHICKEN, n = 15), or carbohydrate/fat foods (CARB (lacto-ovo), n = 14), while a control group (CON, n = 11) consumed their habitual diets.
RESULTS
Energy intake was lower in the ER groups compared to CON (BEEF, 1114 +/- 155 kcal/d, CHO: PRO: FAT, 46:24:30 % of energy intake; CHICKEN, 1098 +/- 203 kcal/d, 51:25:24; CARB 1158 +/- 341 kcal/d, 59:17:24; CON, 1570 +/- 633 kcal/d, 47:20:33), but did not differ among ER groups. For all ER subjects combined, body mass (-6.7 +/- 2.4 kg, 9 %), fat mass (-4.6 +/- 1.9 kg, 13 %), and fat-free mass (-2.1 +/- 1.1 kg, 5 %) decreased. These responses did not differ among the ER groups, except for body mass (CHICKEN -7.9 +/- 2.6 kg(a); BEEF -6.6 +/- 2.7 kg(a,b); CARB -5.6 +/- 1.8 kg(b); CON -1.2 +/- 1.2 kg(c); values with a difference superscript differ, p < 0.05). From PRE (week 0) to POST (week 9), total and LDL cholesterol decreased approximately 12%, with no differences among groups. Triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet.
CONCLUSIONS
Overweight postmenopausal women can achieve significant weight loss and comparable short-term improvements in body composition and lipid-lipoprotein profile by consuming either a moderate-protein (25% of energy intake) poultry- or beef-containing diet or a lacto-ovo vegetarian protein (17% of energy intake) diet.
目的
本研究的主要目的是评估膳食蛋白质摄入量对能量限制（ER）引起的体重和身体成分变化的影响。还测量了代谢和心血管疾病的临床指标。
设计
54名绝经后女性，年龄58±2岁，体重指数29.6±0.8kg/m²，被分为四组之一。为期9周，三个能量限制组食用1000千卡/天的乳蛋素食基础饮食，外加250千卡/天的牛肉（牛肉组，n = 14）、鸡肉（鸡肉组，n = 15）或碳水化合物/脂肪类食物（碳水化合物（乳蛋素食）组，n = 14），而对照组（对照组，n = 11）则食用其习惯饮食。
结果
与对照组相比，能量限制组的能量摄入量较低（牛肉组，1114±155千卡/天，碳水化合物：蛋白质：脂肪，占能量摄入量的46：24：30%；鸡肉组，1098±203千卡/天，51：25：24；碳水化合物组1158±341千卡/天，59：17：24；对照组，1570±633千卡/天，47：20：33），但能量限制组之间无差异。对于所有合并的能量限制受试者，体重（-6.7±2.4kg，9%）、脂肪量（-4.6±1.9kg，13%）和去脂体重（-2.1±1.1kg，5%）均下降。除体重外，这些反应在能量限制组之间无差异（鸡肉组-7.9±2.6kg(a)；牛肉组-6.6±2.7kg(a,b)；碳水化合物组-5.6±1.8kg(b)；对照组-1.2±1.2kg(c)；有差异上标的值不同，p<0.05）。从基线（第0周）到第9周，总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降约12%，组间无差异。甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、C反应蛋白（CRP）、葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素和脂联素随时间无变化，也未受到饮食的不同影响。
结论
超重的绝经后女性通过食用中等蛋白质（占能量摄入量的25%）的含家禽或牛肉饮食或乳蛋素食蛋白质（占能量摄入量的17%）饮食，可实现显著的体重减轻以及身体成分和脂质-脂蛋白谱的类似短期改善。
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