Mahon Anne K, Flynn Michael G, Stewart Laura K, McFarlin Brian K, Iglay Heidi B, Mattes Richard D, Lyle Roseann M, Considine Robert V, Campbell Wayne W
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Apr;26(2):182-9. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719600.
The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition. Clinical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were also measured.
54 postmenopausal women, age 58 +/- 2 y, body mass index 29.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2), were assigned to one of four groups. For 9 weeks, three ER groups ate a 1000 kcal/d lacto-ovo vegetarian basal diet plus 250 kcal/d of either beef (BEEF, n = 14), chicken (CHICKEN, n = 15), or carbohydrate/fat foods (CARB (lacto-ovo), n = 14), while a control group (CON, n = 11) consumed their habitual diets.
Energy intake was lower in the ER groups compared to CON (BEEF, 1114 +/- 155 kcal/d, CHO: PRO: FAT, 46:24:30 % of energy intake; CHICKEN, 1098 +/- 203 kcal/d, 51:25:24; CARB 1158 +/- 341 kcal/d, 59:17:24; CON, 1570 +/- 633 kcal/d, 47:20:33), but did not differ among ER groups. For all ER subjects combined, body mass (-6.7 +/- 2.4 kg, 9 %), fat mass (-4.6 +/- 1.9 kg, 13 %), and fat-free mass (-2.1 +/- 1.1 kg, 5 %) decreased. These responses did not differ among the ER groups, except for body mass (CHICKEN -7.9 +/- 2.6 kg(a); BEEF -6.6 +/- 2.7 kg(a,b); CARB -5.6 +/- 1.8 kg(b); CON -1.2 +/- 1.2 kg(c); values with a difference superscript differ, p < 0.05). From PRE (week 0) to POST (week 9), total and LDL cholesterol decreased approximately 12%, with no differences among groups. Triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet.
Overweight postmenopausal women can achieve significant weight loss and comparable short-term improvements in body composition and lipid-lipoprotein profile by consuming either a moderate-protein (25% of energy intake) poultry- or beef-containing diet or a lacto-ovo vegetarian protein (17% of energy intake) diet.
本研究的主要目的是评估膳食蛋白质摄入量对能量限制（ER）引起的体重和身体成分变化的影响。还测量了代谢和心血管疾病的临床指标。
54名绝经后女性，年龄58±2岁，体重指数29.6±0.8kg/m²，被分为四组之一。为期9周，三个能量限制组食用1000千卡/天的乳蛋素食基础饮食，外加250千卡/天的牛肉（牛肉组，n = 14）、鸡肉（鸡肉组，n = 15）或碳水化合物/脂肪类食物（碳水化合物（乳蛋素食）组，n = 14），而对照组（对照组，n = 11）则食用其习惯饮食。
与对照组相比，能量限制组的能量摄入量较低（牛肉组，1114±155千卡/天，碳水化合物：蛋白质：脂肪，占能量摄入量的46：24：30%；鸡肉组，1098±203千卡/天，51：25：24；碳水化合物组1158±341千卡/天，59：17：24；对照组，1570±633千卡/天，47：20：33），但能量限制组之间无差异。对于所有合并的能量限制受试者，体重（-6.7±2.4kg，9%）、脂肪量（-4.6±1.9kg，13%）和去脂体重（-2.1±1.1kg，5%）均下降。除体重外，这些反应在能量限制组之间无差异（鸡肉组-7.9±2.6kg(a)；牛肉组-6.6±2.7kg(a,b)；碳水化合物组-5.6±1.8kg(b)；对照组-1.2±1.2kg(c)；有差异上标的值不同，p<0.05）。从基线（第0周）到第9周，总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降约12%，组间无差异。甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、C反应蛋白（CRP）、葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素和脂联素随时间无变化，也未受到饮食的不同影响。
超重的绝经后女性通过食用中等蛋白质（占能量摄入量的25%）的含家禽或牛肉饮食或乳蛋素食蛋白质（占能量摄入量的17%）饮食，可实现显著的体重减轻以及身体成分和脂质-脂蛋白谱的类似短期改善。
