Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-6081, USA.
Nutr J. 2010 Nov 22;9:59. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-59.
This study's purpose investigated the impact of different macronutrient distributions and varying caloric intakes along with regular exercise for metabolic and physiological changes related to weight loss.
One hundred forty-one sedentary, obese women (38.7 ± 8.0 yrs, 163.3 ± 6.9 cm, 93.2 ± 16.5 kg, 35.0 ± 6.2 kg•m(-2), 44.8 ± 4.2% fat) were randomized to either no diet + no exercise control group (CON) a no diet + exercise control (ND), or one of four diet + exercise groups (high-energy diet [HED], very low carbohydrate, high protein diet [VLCHP], low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet [LCMP] and high carbohydrate, low protein [HCLP]) in addition to beginning a 3x•week(-1) supervised resistance training program. After 0, 1, 10 and 14 weeks, all participants completed testing sessions which included anthropometric, body composition, energy expenditure, fasting blood samples, aerobic and muscular fitness assessments. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha of 0.05 with LSD post-hoc analysis when appropriate.
All dieting groups exhibited adequate compliance to their prescribed diet regimen as energy and macronutrient amounts and distributions were close to prescribed amounts. Those groups that followed a diet and exercise program reported significantly greater anthropometric (waist circumference and body mass) and body composition via DXA (fat mass and % fat) changes. Caloric restriction initially reduced energy expenditure, but successfully returned to baseline values after 10 weeks of dieting and exercising. Significant fitness improvements (aerobic capacity and maximal strength) occurred in all exercising groups. No significant changes occurred in lipid panel constituents, but serum insulin and HOMA-IR values decreased in the VLCHP group. Significant reductions in serum leptin occurred in all caloric restriction + exercise groups after 14 weeks, which were unchanged in other non-diet/non-exercise groups.
Overall and over the entire test period, all diet groups which restricted their caloric intake and exercised experienced similar responses to each other. Regular exercise and modest caloric restriction successfully promoted anthropometric and body composition improvements along with various markers of muscular fitness. Significant increases in relative energy expenditure and reductions in circulating leptin were found in response to all exercise and diet groups. Macronutrient distribution may impact circulating levels of insulin and overall ability to improve strength levels in obese women who follow regular exercise.
本研究旨在探讨不同宏量营养素分布和不同热量摄入与规律运动相结合对减肥相关代谢和生理变化的影响。
141 名久坐肥胖女性（38.7±8.0 岁，163.3±6.9cm，93.2±16.5kg，35.0±6.2kg•m(-2)，44.8±4.2%脂肪）随机分为不节食+不运动对照组（CON）、不节食+运动对照组（ND）或四组节食+运动组（高能量饮食[HED]、极低碳水化合物、高蛋白饮食[VLCHP]、低碳水化合物、中蛋白饮食[LCMP]和高碳水化合物、低蛋白饮食[HCLP]），此外，所有参与者都开始每周 3 次的监督阻力训练计划。在 0、1、10 和 14 周后，所有参与者都完成了测试，包括人体测量、身体成分、能量消耗、空腹血液样本、有氧和肌肉健康评估。数据采用重复测量方差分析，alpha 值为 0.05，适当情况下采用 LSD 事后分析。
所有节食组都严格遵守规定的饮食方案，摄入的能量和宏量营养素的量和分布都接近规定的量。那些遵循饮食和运动方案的组报告了更显著的人体测量学（腰围和体重）和通过 DXA（体脂肪和%脂肪）的身体成分变化。热量限制最初降低了能量消耗，但在 10 周的节食和运动后成功地恢复到基线值。所有运动组的有氧能力和最大力量都显著提高。脂质谱成分没有显著变化，但 VLCHP 组的血清胰岛素和 HOMA-IR 值降低。14 周后，所有热量限制+运动组的血清瘦素显著降低，而其他非节食/非运动组则没有变化。
总的来说，在整个测试期间，所有限制热量摄入并运动的饮食组对彼此的反应相似。规律运动和适度的热量限制成功地促进了人体测量学和身体成分的改善，以及各种肌肉健康标志物的改善。所有运动和饮食组都发现相对能量消耗显著增加，循环瘦素减少。宏量营养素分布可能会影响肥胖女性遵循规律运动时的胰岛素循环水平和整体提高力量水平的能力。
