Freiberger Ellen, Menz Hylton B, Abu-Omar Karim, Rutten Alfred
Institut fur Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Gerontology. 2007;53(5):298-305. doi: 10.1159/000103256. Epub 2007 May 29.
Falls are common in physically active older people; however, most intervention studies have been targeted at frail older people.
To evaluate the effectiveness of two intervention techniques for preventing falls in physically active community-dwelling older people.
Two hundred and seventeen people (120 men and 97 women) aged between 70 and 90 years recruited from a health insurance company membership database were randomly allocated to receive either a psychomotor intervention focusing on body awareness, body experience and coordination, a fitness intervention focusing on functional skills, strength, endurance and flexibility, or no intervention (control group). The outcome measures were prospective falls (number of fallers, number of multiple fallers, number of falls and falls rate) and measures of physical performance (Timed Up and Go Test, maximal step length, sit-to-stand time, normal and fast walking speed).
At the 4-month follow-up, significant improvements in the Timed Up and Go Test and sit-to-stand times were observed for both the psychomotor and fitness intervention groups. During the 12-month follow-up period, 39% of the participants fell at least once, and 19% fell on multiple occasions. The proportion of fallers in the fitness intervention group was 23% less than in the control group (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.97), but no significant reduction in falls was observed in the psychomotor intervention group.
A fitness training program improves some aspects of physical performance and reduces falls by 23% in physically active older people.
跌倒在身体活跃的老年人中很常见；然而，大多数干预研究都针对体弱的老年人。
评估两种干预技术对预防身体活跃的社区居住老年人跌倒的有效性。
从一家健康保险公司会员数据库中招募的217名年龄在70至90岁之间的人（120名男性和97名女性）被随机分配接受以下干预之一：侧重于身体意识、身体体验和协调的心理运动干预；侧重于功能技能、力量、耐力和灵活性的健身干预；或不进行干预（对照组）。结局指标为前瞻性跌倒（跌倒者数量、多次跌倒者数量、跌倒次数和跌倒率）以及身体性能指标（定时起立行走测试、最大步长、从坐到站的时间、正常和快速行走速度）。
在4个月的随访中，心理运动干预组和健身干预组在定时起立行走测试和从坐到站的时间方面均有显著改善。在12个月的随访期内，39%的参与者至少跌倒过一次，19%的参与者多次跌倒。健身干预组的跌倒者比例比对照组低23%（相对危险度=0.77，95%置信区间0.60 - 0.97），但心理运动干预组的跌倒次数没有显著减少。
健身训练计划可改善身体活跃的老年人身体性能的某些方面，并使跌倒次数减少23%。
