Mulla Zuber D, Simon Michael R
Division of Epidemiology, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Tex., USA.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007;144(2):128-36. doi: 10.1159/000103224. Epub 2007 May 25.
Previous epidemiologic studies of anaphylaxis have been single-institution investigations. The objective of this study was to determine the annual hospital discharge rate and risk factors for anaphylaxis outcomes throughout Florida.
464 patients who were hospitalized in Florida for anaphylaxis and discharged in 2001 were identified using a statewide database and ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification) codes. Linear regression was used to determine the predictors of length of stay (LOS) and total charges. Relative risks (RR) for ventilator-assisted respiration and anaphylaxis due to food were calculated using binomial regression.
Annual hospital discharge rate for anaphylaxis was 2.8/100,000 population. Hospital mortality rate was 0.86%. Median LOS was 1 day. Median total charges was USD 4,982. Asthmatics had increased risk of receiving ventilator-assisted respiration (adjusted RR = 2.72, p = 0.04). Likelihood of hospitalization for anaphylaxis increased with age for both sexes (p < 0.0001). Patients who were <18 years old were three times as likely to be hospitalized for food anaphylaxis (versus other causes) compared to patients who were 71+ years old (adjusted RR = 3.25, p = 0.004).
Young age was associated with increased risk of hospitalization for anaphylaxis to foods. Asthmatics had increased risk of receiving ventilator-assisted respiration. Likelihood of hospitalization increased with age.
既往关于过敏反应的流行病学研究均为单机构调查。本研究的目的是确定佛罗里达州过敏反应的年度住院出院率及相关结局的危险因素。
利用全州数据库和国际疾病分类第九版临床修订本（ICD-9-CM）编码，确定2001年在佛罗里达州因过敏反应住院并出院的464例患者。采用线性回归确定住院时间（LOS）和总费用的预测因素。使用二项式回归计算呼吸机辅助呼吸和食物所致过敏反应的相对风险（RR）。
过敏反应的年度住院出院率为2.8/100,000人口。医院死亡率为0.86%。中位住院时间为1天。中位总费用为4,982美元。哮喘患者接受呼吸机辅助呼吸的风险增加（校正RR = 2.72，p = 0.04）。两性因过敏反应住院的可能性均随年龄增加而增加（p < 0.0001）。与71岁及以上患者相比，18岁以下患者因食物过敏反应住院的可能性是其他原因的3倍（校正RR = 3.25，p = 0.004）。
年轻与因食物过敏反应住院的风险增加相关。哮喘患者接受呼吸机辅助呼吸的风险增加。住院可能性随年龄增加而增加。
