Snow Timothy M, Brandon Debra H
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, USA.
Adv Neonatal Care. 2007 Feb;7(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/00149525-200702000-00008.
The need for conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is a common one in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The goals of CMV are to facilitate adequate gas exchange, minimize the risk of lung injury/damage, decrease the patient's work of breathing, and optimize the patient's comfort. Although time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation remains the most common CMV modality, volume-cycled ventilation, assist-control ventilation, pressure-support ventilation, and pressure-control ventilation are sometimes used in the NICU. Pressure-regulated volume control, volume-guaranteed ventilation, volume-assured pressure-support ventilation, and proportional-assist ventilation are emerging hybrid modes of CMV. Although CMV is frequently life saving, it can cause complications if improperly used. Nurses are responsible for the ongoing assessment and care of infants undergoing CMV and are becoming frequently more involved in the weaning process of CMV. This article provides an overview of conventional ventilation, with a focus on common modalities, and ventilation-related nursing interventions.
在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU），常规机械通气（CMV）的需求很常见。CMV的目标是促进充分的气体交换，将肺损伤/损害的风险降至最低，减少患者的呼吸功，并优化患者的舒适度。尽管定时、压力限制通气仍然是最常见的CMV模式，但容量控制通气、辅助控制通气、压力支持通气和压力控制通气有时也在NICU中使用。压力调节容量控制、容量保证通气、容量保证压力支持通气和比例辅助通气是新兴的CMV混合模式。尽管CMV常常能挽救生命，但如果使用不当，可能会导致并发症。护士负责对接受CMV治疗的婴儿进行持续评估和护理，并且越来越频繁地参与到CMV的撤机过程中。本文概述了常规通气，重点介绍了常见模式以及与通气相关的护理干预措施。
