Corella Alfons, Bert Francesc, Pérez-Pérez Alejandro, Gené Manel, Turbón Daniel
Secció Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08 028 Barcelona, Spain.
Ann Hum Biol. 2007 Jan-Feb;34(1):34-55. doi: 10.1080/03014460601075819.
Chimane, Moseten Aymara and Quechua are Amerindian populations living in the Bolivian Piedmont, a characteristic ecoregion between the eastern slope of the Andean mountains and the Amazonian Llanos de Moxos. In both neighbouring areas, dense and complex societies have developed over the centuries. The Piedmont area is especially interesting from a human peopling perspective since there is no clear evidence regarding the genetic influence and peculiarities of these populations. This land has been used extensively as a territory of economic and cultural exchange between the Andes and Amazonia, however Chimane and Moseten populations have been sufficiently isolated from their neighbour groups to be recognized as distinct populations. Genetic information suggests that evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift, natural selection and genetic admixture have formed the history of the Piedmont populations.
The objective of this study is to characterize the genetic diversity of the Piedmont populations, analysing the sequence variability of the HVR-I control region in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Haplogroup mtDNA data available from the whole of Central and South America were utilized to determine the relationship of the Piedmont populations with other Amerindian populations.
Hair pulls were obtained in situ, and DNA from non-related individuals was extracted using a standard Chelex 100 method. A 401 bp DNA fragment of HVR-I region was amplified using standard procedures. Two independent 401 and 328 bp DNA fragments were sequenced separately for each sample. The sequence analyses included mismatch distribution and mean pairwise differences, median network analyses, AMOVA and principal component analyses. The genetic diversity of DNA sequences was measured and compared with other South Amerindian populations.
The genetic diversity of 401 nucleotide mtDNA sequences, in the hypervariable Control Region, from positions 16 000-16 400, was characterized in a sample of 46 Amerindians living in the Piedmont area in the Beni Department of Bolivia. The results obtained indicate that the genetic diversity in the area is higher than that observed in other American groups living in much larger areas and despite the reduced size of the studied area the human groups analysed show high levels of inter-group variability. In addition, results show that Amerindian populations living in the Piedmont are genetically more related to those in the Andean than in the Amazonian populations.
奇曼内人、莫塞滕人、艾马拉人和克丘亚人是生活在玻利维亚山麓地区的美洲印第安人群体，该地区是安第斯山脉东坡与亚马逊莫霍斯平原之间的一个独特生态区域。在这两个相邻地区，几个世纪以来都发展出了密集而复杂的社会。从人类迁徙的角度来看，山麓地区特别有趣，因为没有明确证据表明这些人群的基因影响和特性。这片土地一直被广泛用作安第斯山脉和亚马逊地区之间经济和文化交流的区域，然而，奇曼内人和莫塞滕人群体与他们的相邻群体充分隔离，被视为不同的群体。基因信息表明，诸如基因漂变、自然选择和基因混合等进化过程塑造了山麓地区人群的历史。
本研究的目的是通过分析线粒体DNA（mtDNA）高变区I（HVR-I）控制区的序列变异性来表征山麓地区人群的遗传多样性。利用从中美洲和南美洲各地获得的单倍群mtDNA数据来确定山麓地区人群与其他美洲印第安人群体的关系。
现场采集毛发样本，使用标准的Chelex 法从无关个体中提取DNA。使用标准程序扩增HVR-I区域的401 bp DNA片段。每个样本分别对两个独立的401和328 bp DNA片段进行测序。序列分析包括错配分布和平均成对差异、中位数网络分析、AMOVA和主成分分析。测量DNA序列的遗传多样性，并与其他南美洲印第安人群体进行比较。
在居住在玻利维亚贝尼省山麓地区的46名美洲印第安人的样本中，对位于16000 - 16400位置的高变控制区401个核苷酸的mtDNA序列的遗传多样性进行了表征。所得结果表明，该地区的遗传多样性高于在其他居住面积大得多的美洲群体中观察到的遗传多样性，尽管研究区域面积较小，但所分析的人群群体间变异水平较高。此外，结果表明，生活在山麓地区的美洲印第安人群体在基因上与安第斯地区的人群比与亚马逊地区的人群关系更密切。
