Simondon K B, Ndiaye T, Dia M, Yam A, Ndiaye M, Marra A, Diallo A, Simondon F
IRD, Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit (UR024), Montpellier, France.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;62(8):997-1004. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602807. Epub 2007 May 30.
To describe levels, monthly variations and trends in weight and arm circumference of non-pregnant lactating women living in the Sahel, characterized by one short yearly rainy season (July-October).
A mixed unbalanced cross-sectional longitudinal observational study conducted at 3, 5, 7 and 10 months postpartum among 3869 women living in the Sine area in central Senegal who had brought their infants into dispensaries for immunization from January 1990 to February 1997, and 1-5 consecutive children per woman (26 106 visits).
Mean weight was 55.7 kg (s.d.: 7.1), but it varied by 2.5-3.9 kg each year, from high means during the dry season (March-May) to low means at the end of the rainy season (September-November). The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI)<18.5, 25-29.9 and >30 kg/m(2), respectively) was 7.6% (95% confidence interval: 7.3, 7.9), 6.4% (6.1, 6.7) and 0.4% (0.3, 0.4), but varied strongly by season (P<0.0001 for all). Unlike weight, mean arm increased during the early rains, a peak season of agricultural work (+0.10 cm/month (s.d.: 0.6) from June to August vs -0.35 kg/month (s.d.: 1.1) for weight). BMI and arm circumference were positively associated with age (mean: 20.8 vs 22.2 kg/m(2) and 25.3 vs 27.4 cm, at 20-24 and 40-49 years, respectively, P<0.0001 for both).
Season was a major determinant of the anthropometric status of rural African women. Negative energy balance reduced body weight from the onset of agricultural labour, while arm circumference increased during early rains, probably due to high physical activity.
描述生活在萨赫勒地区的非孕哺乳期妇女的体重和臂围水平、月度变化及趋势，该地区每年有一个短暂的雨季（7月至10月）。
在1990年1月至1997年2月期间，对塞内加尔中部锡内地区的3869名妇女进行了一项混合的非平衡横断面纵向观察研究，这些妇女在产后3、5、7和10个月时带婴儿到诊所进行免疫接种，每名妇女有1至5个连续的孩子（共26106次就诊）。
平均体重为55.7千克（标准差：7.1），但每年变化2.5至3.9千克，从旱季（3月至5月）的较高均值到雨季末（9月至11月）的较低均值。体重过轻、超重和肥胖的患病率（体重指数（BMI）分别<18.5、25 - 29.9和>30千克/平方米）分别为7.6%（95%置信区间：7.3，7.9）、6.4%（6.1，6.7）和0.4%（0.3，0.4），但随季节变化很大（所有P<0.0001）。与体重不同，平均臂围在降雨初期增加，这是农业劳作的旺季（6月至8月增加0.10厘米/月（标准差：0.6），而体重下降0.35千克/月（标准差：1.1））。BMI和臂围与年龄呈正相关（20至24岁和40至49岁时，均值分别为20.8对22.2千克/平方米和25.3对27.4厘米，两者P均<0.0001）。
季节是非洲农村妇女人体测量状况的主要决定因素。能量负平衡从农业劳作开始时就使体重下降，而臂围在降雨初期增加，可能是由于高强度的体力活动。
