Keyes Margaret A, Iacono William G, McGue Matt
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007 Feb;10(1):45-53. doi: 10.1375/twin.10.1.45.
A prospective study of 692 male twins was undertaken to investigate the relationships among early adolescent problem behavior, contextual risk, and disinhibitory psychopathology. Early adolescent problem behavior was assessed by the number of the following behaviors engaged in by the time of the age-14 assessment: (1) tobacco use, (2) alcohol use, (3) marijuana use, (4) other illicit drug use, (5) sexual intercourse, and (6) police contact. Contextual risk was assessed as a composite of measures of peer models, parent-offspring conflict, and academic engagement from the age-14 assessment. Disinhibitory psychopathology was assessed by symptoms of nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and adult antisocial behavior at the age-18 assessment. Early adolescent problem behavior and contextual risk were strongly correlated (r = .53) and both were strongly and independently associated with symptoms of disinhibitory psychopathology (r from .35 to .60). The association of early adolescent problem behavior with both contextual risk and disinhibitory psychopathology was mediated entirely by genetic factors while the association between contextual risk and disinhibitory psychopathology was mediated by both genetic and nonshared environmental factors. The results are discussed in the context of emerging research on the prognostic significance of early adolescent problem behavior for risk of adult psychopathology.
对692对男性双胞胎进行了一项前瞻性研究，以调查青少年早期问题行为、环境风险和抑制解除型精神病理学之间的关系。青少年早期问题行为通过14岁评估时出现的以下行为数量来评估：（1）吸烟，（2）饮酒，（3）吸食大麻，（4）使用其他非法药物，（5）性交，以及（6）与警方接触。环境风险被评估为14岁评估中同伴榜样、亲子冲突和学业参与度等指标的综合结果。抑制解除型精神病理学通过18岁评估时的尼古丁依赖、酒精依赖、药物依赖和成人反社会行为症状来评估。青少年早期问题行为与环境风险密切相关（r = 0.53），且二者均与抑制解除型精神病理学症状密切且独立相关（r从0.35至0.60）。青少年早期问题行为与环境风险和抑制解除型精神病理学之间的关联完全由遗传因素介导，而环境风险与抑制解除型精神病理学之间的关联则由遗传因素和非共享环境因素共同介导。本文在关于青少年早期问题行为对成人精神病理学风险的预后意义的新兴研究背景下对研究结果进行了讨论。
