Danesh-Meyer Helen V, Deva Narme C, Ku Judy Y F, Carroll Stuart C, Tan Yu Wee, Gamble Greg
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 May-Jun;35(4):318-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2007.01480.x.
To assess practice profiles and attitudes towards career and family among ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand, with an emphasis on identifying gender differences.
A 43-part confidential survey addressing professional and personal issues was sent to all female ophthalmologists and to randomly selected age-matched male ophthalmologists, registered with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists in 2005.
A total of 254 (75%) of the surveys were returned, with no significant difference in response rate between genders. Differences in practice profiles were identified: females preferentially practise in the city (89.6% vs. 76.1%, P<0.001), work fewer hours (70% of males working 40 hours per week, compared with 41% of females, P<0.0001) and work part time (57.5% vs. 13.6%, P<0.0001). Female ophthalmologists earn less (average income being NZ/Aus$37,913 [95% confidence interval 25,600-50,226] less, P<0.0001); the difference remained significant (P<0.0001) even when adjusted for hours worked. Up to 93.3% of male ophthalmologists are married or in a stable relationship, compared with 75.6% of females (P=0.0003), and males are more likely to have children (P=0.0007). There was no significant difference in overall career satisfaction between male and female ophthalmologists; however, females expressed greater frustration with managing professional and family commitments, and unequal career advancement opportunities.
Significant differences exist in practice profiles and personal circumstances between male and female ophthalmologists. Females appear to balance work and personal responsibilities by working fewer hours, and for lower income. Despite this, they are less likely to be in a stable relationship, or to have children. However, there is no difference between the two groups in overall career satisfaction.
评估澳大利亚和新西兰眼科医生的执业概况以及对职业和家庭的态度，重点是识别性别差异。
向所有女性眼科医生以及随机抽取的年龄匹配的男性眼科医生发送了一份包含43个问题的机密调查问卷，这些医生均于2005年在澳大利亚和新西兰皇家眼科医学院注册。
共收回254份调查问卷（回复率为75%），不同性别之间的回复率无显著差异。确定了执业概况方面的差异：女性更倾向于在城市执业（89.6%对76.1%，P<0.001），工作时间更短（70%的男性每周工作40小时，而女性为41%，P<0.0001）且兼职工作（57.5%对13.6%，P<0.0001）。女性眼科医生收入较低（平均收入少37,913新西兰元/澳元[95%置信区间25,600 - 50,226]，P<0.0001）；即使在对工作时长进行调整后，差异仍具有显著性（P<0.0001）。高达93.3%的男性眼科医生已婚或处于稳定关系中，而女性为75.6%（P = 0.0003），并且男性更有可能育有子女（P = 0.0007）。男性和女性眼科医生在总体职业满意度方面没有显著差异；然而，女性在平衡职业和家庭责任以及不平等的职业晋升机会方面表达了更大的挫败感。
男性和女性眼科医生在执业概况和个人情况方面存在显著差异。女性似乎通过减少工作时间和接受较低收入来平衡工作和个人责任。尽管如此，她们处于稳定关系或育有子女的可能性较小。然而，两组在总体职业满意度方面没有差异。
