Orozco Mónica, Solomons Noel W, Briend André
Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Food Nutr Bull. 2006 Sep;27(3):211-9. doi: 10.1177/156482650602700303.
The diet of low-income Guatemalan populations is mostly plant-based, deficient in some vitamins and minerals, and rich in antinutritional compounds that reduce the bioavailability of several micronutrients. Objective. To describe the manner in which low-income Guatemalan women in rural and urban settings would prepare dishes for main meals using a high-density multimicronutrient condiment (HDMC) and to compare the nutrient density and contribution to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of the dishes with and without added HDMC.
A sample of 30 women, 15 each from rural and urban households, were enrolled. The women were given 20 g of the HDMC and asked to prepare a dish at home, serve it to their families at a time of their own choosing, record the recipe and the amount of condiment added, and report these facts to an interviewer on the following day. The nutrient content of each dish was calculated from food-composition table values for raw, whole ingredients and the package label values for the HDMC.
For all dishes combined, the HDMC provided on average 78% of the total vitamins. The proportion of the total vitamins provided by the HDMC varied greatly among different dishes. Typically a single serving of a dish without added HDMC provided less than half of the RDA (vitamin B12 and folate) for children and adult women. The midday meal is the most important meal of the day and should provide at least half of the RDA of all essential nutrients. With the HDMC added, the dishes on average provided 2 to 10 times the RDA for nutrients such as vitamins B6 and C and niacin in the reference children, and just satisfied the RDA intake for corresponding nutrients in adult women.
The proportion of the RDAs of micronutrients provided by this novel, micronutrient-rich condiment varies over a wide range, depending on idiosyncrasies of recipe ingredients, amounts of condiment added, individuals served, and age- and physiology-dependent requirements. HDMCs could provide an efficient way to deliver essential micronutrients to vulnerable populations.
危地马拉低收入人群的饮食大多以植物性食物为主，缺乏某些维生素和矿物质，且富含抗营养化合物，这些化合物会降低多种微量营养素的生物利用率。目的：描述危地马拉城乡低收入女性使用高密度多种微量营养素调味品（HDMC）制作主餐菜肴的方式，并比较添加和不添加HDMC的菜肴的营养密度以及对推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的贡献。
招募了30名女性作为样本，其中15名来自农村家庭，15名来自城市家庭。给这些女性20克HDMC，并要求她们在家中制作一道菜肴，在自己选择的时间将其端给家人，记录食谱和添加的调味品用量，并在第二天向采访者汇报这些情况。每道菜肴的营养成分根据生的完整食材的食物成分表值和HDMC的包装标签值计算得出。
对于所有菜肴而言，HDMC平均提供了78%的总维生素。HDMC提供的总维生素比例在不同菜肴之间差异很大。通常，一份未添加HDMC的菜肴为儿童和成年女性提供的维生素不到推荐膳食摄入量（维生素B12和叶酸）的一半。午餐是一天中最重要的一餐，应提供至少一半的所有必需营养素的推荐膳食摄入量。添加HDMC后，这些菜肴平均为参考儿童提供了维生素B6、C和烟酸等营养素推荐膳食摄入量的2至10倍，而成年女性相应营养素的摄入量刚好达到推荐膳食摄入量。
这种新型的、富含微量营养素的调味品提供的微量营养素推荐膳食摄入量比例差异很大，这取决于食谱食材的特性、添加的调味品用量、食用人群以及年龄和生理相关需求。高密度多种微量营养素调味品可以为向弱势群体提供必需的微量营养素提供一种有效方式。
