Bartkowski John P, Xu Xiaohe
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Jun;32(6 Suppl):S182-94. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.001.
Although religiosity has often been shown to have a deterrent effect on teen drug use, noteworthy theoretic gaps and contradictory findings have left important questions unanswered.
Conceptualizing religion as a measure of social capital and using cross-sectional data from Monitoring the Future (1996), a nationally representative sample of American high school seniors collected annually, this study is designed to shed new light on the relationship between religiosity and drug use among American youth. Levels of teen drug use for three different components of faith-based social capital-exposure to and internalization of religious norms, integration within religious networks, and trust in religious phenomena-are explored with respect to high school seniors' use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs during the year prior to the survey. In addition, drug use associated with faith-based and secular forms of civic engagement among teens (e.g., participation in religious youth groups vs secular organizations such as sports and school clubs, theistic trust vs secular trust) are compared.
Among religiosity variables, integration within congregational networks (i.e., worship service attendance) exhibits the most consistent negative association with youth drug use. Theistic trust is not associated with teen drug use, but secular trust and civic participation in secular organizations are associated with less drug use.
Elements of both religious and secular social capital are associated with lower reported drug use, thereby suggesting that multiple avenues for the prevention of teen drug use might be pursued. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
尽管宗教信仰常常被证明对青少年吸毒有威慑作用，但值得注意的理论空白和相互矛盾的研究结果使得一些重要问题仍未得到解答。
本研究将宗教信仰概念化为一种社会资本衡量指标，并使用来自“未来监测”（1996年）的横断面数据，该数据是对美国高中高年级学生进行的年度全国代表性抽样调查。本研究旨在为美国青少年宗教信仰与吸毒之间的关系提供新的见解。针对高中高年级学生在调查前一年使用酒精、大麻和其他非法药物的情况，探讨了基于信仰的社会资本的三个不同组成部分（宗教规范的接触和内化、宗教网络中的融入以及对宗教现象的信任）对青少年吸毒水平的影响。此外，还比较了青少年基于信仰和世俗形式的公民参与（例如，参与宗教青年团体与世俗组织，如有体育和学校俱乐部，有神论信任与世俗信任）相关的吸毒情况。
在宗教信仰变量中，宗教团体网络中的融入（即参加礼拜仪式）与青少年吸毒呈现出最一致的负相关。有神论信任与青少年吸毒无关，但世俗信任和参与世俗组织的公民参与与较少的吸毒情况相关。
宗教和世俗社会资本的要素都与报告的较低吸毒率相关，这表明可能有多种途径来预防青少年吸毒。讨论了对未来研究的启示和方向。
