de Andres-Sanchez Jorge, Belzunegui-Eraso Angel
Social and Business Research Laboratory, Campus Catalunya, University Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Apr 2;10(4):669. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040669.
Background: This study assesses the relevance of several factors that the literature on the substance use of adolescents considers relevant. The factors embed individual variables, such as gender or age; factors linked with parental style; and variables that are associated with the teenager’s social environment. Methods: The study applies complementarily ordered logistic regression (OLR) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in a sample of 1935 teenagers of Tarragona (Spain). Results: The OLR showed that being female (OR = 0.383; p < 0.0001), parental monitoring (OR = 0.587; p = 0.0201), and religiousness (OR = 0.476; p = 0.006) are significant inhibitors of cannabis consumption. On the other hand, parental tolerance to substance use (OR = 42.01; p < 0.0001) and having close peers that consume substances (OR = 5.60; p < 0.0001) act as enablers. The FsQCA allowed for fitting the linkages between the factors from a complementary perspective. (1) The coverage (cov) and consistency (cons) attained by the explanatory solutions of use (cons = 0.808; cov = 0.357) are clearly lower than those obtained by the recipes for nonuse (cons = 0.952; cov = 0.869). (2) The interaction of being male, having a tolerant family to substance use, and peer attitudes toward substances are continuously present in the profiles that are linked to a risk of cannabis smoking. (3) The most important recipe that explains resistance to cannabis is simply parental disagreement with substance consumption. Conclusions: On the one hand, the results of the OLR allow for determining the strength of an evaluated risk or protective factors according to the value of the OR. On the other hand, the fsQCA allows for the identification not only of profiles where there is a high risk of cannabis use, but also profiles where there is a low risk.
本研究评估了青少年物质使用文献中认为相关的几个因素的相关性。这些因素包括个体变量，如性别或年龄；与父母教养方式相关的因素；以及与青少年社会环境相关的变量。方法：本研究对西班牙塔拉戈纳的1935名青少年样本互补地应用有序逻辑回归（OLR）和模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）。结果：OLR显示，女性（OR = 0.383；p < 0.0001）、父母监督（OR = 0.587；p = 0.0201）和宗教信仰（OR = 0.476；p = 0.006）是大麻消费的显著抑制因素。另一方面，父母对物质使用的容忍度（OR = 42.01；p < 0.0001）和有吸毒的亲密同伴（OR = 5.60；p < 0.0001）起到了促成因素的作用。FsQCA允许从互补的角度拟合因素之间的联系。（1）使用的解释性解决方案所达到的覆盖度（cov）和一致性（cons）（cons = 0.808；cov = 0.357）明显低于不使用的方案所获得的（cons = 0.952；cov = 0.869）。（2）男性、有对物质使用宽容的家庭以及同伴对物质的态度之间的相互作用持续存在于与大麻吸烟风险相关的特征中。（3）解释对大麻有抵抗力的最重要方案仅仅是父母对物质消费的反对。结论：一方面，OLR的结果允许根据OR值确定评估的风险或保护因素的强度。另一方面，fsQCA不仅允许识别大麻使用风险高的特征，还允许识别风险低的特征。
