Dubowitz Howard, Bennett Susan
Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Lancet. 2007 Jun 2;369(9576):1891-1899. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60856-3.
Child maltreatment includes physical abuse and neglect, and happens in all countries and cultures. Child maltreatment usually results from interactions between several risk factors (such as parental depression, stress, and social isolation). Physicians can incorporate methods to screen for risk factors into their usual appointments with the family. Detection of physical abuse is dependent on the doctor's ability to recognise suspicious injuries, such as bruising, bite marks, burns, bone fractures, or trauma to the head or abdomen. Neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment in the USA. It can be caused by insufficient parental knowledge; intentional negligence is rare. Suspected cases of child abuse should be well documented and reported to the appropriate public agency which should assess the situation and help to protect the child.
虐待儿童包括身体虐待和忽视，在所有国家和文化中都有发生。虐待儿童通常是由多种风险因素（如父母抑郁、压力和社会孤立）相互作用导致的。医生可以将筛查风险因素的方法纳入他们与家庭的常规诊疗中。身体虐待的发现取决于医生识别可疑损伤的能力，如瘀伤、咬痕、烧伤、骨折或头部或腹部创伤。忽视是美国最常见的虐待儿童形式。它可能是由于父母知识不足造成的；故意疏忽很少见。疑似虐待儿童的案件应妥善记录并报告给适当的公共机构，该机构应评估情况并帮助保护儿童。
