von Mutius Erika
University Children's Hospital, Lindwurmstr. 4, D 80337 Munich, Germany.
Immunobiology. 2007;212(6):433-9. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.03.002. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
The 'hygiene hypothesis' was first proposed by Strachan in 1989 suggesting that infections and unhygienic contact with older siblings or through other exposures may confer protection from the development of allergic illnesses. This hypothesis has evolved in various ways exploring the role of overt viral and bacterial infections, the significance of environmental exposure to microbial compounds, and their effect on underlying responses of innate and adaptive immunity. So far a truly unifying concept is still lacking, but various pieces of a complex interplay between a host's immune response, characteristics of the invading microorganism, the level and variety of the environmental exposure, and the interactions between a genetic background and a range of exposures become apparent. All these pieces eventually assemble to the clinical presentation of a complex syndrome namely of asthma and allergic illnesses. Even if today practical implications cannot directly be deduced from these findings, there is great potential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies in the future based on the concepts of the 'hygiene hypothesis'.
“卫生假说”最早由斯特拉坎于1989年提出，该假说认为感染以及与年长兄弟姐妹的不卫生接触或通过其他途径接触，可能对过敏性疾病的发生起到保护作用。这一假说已在多个方面得到发展，探讨了显性病毒和细菌感染的作用、环境接触微生物化合物的意义，以及它们对固有免疫和适应性免疫潜在反应的影响。到目前为止，仍然缺乏一个真正统一的概念，但宿主免疫反应、入侵微生物的特征、环境接触的程度和种类以及遗传背景与一系列接触之间相互作用的各个复杂部分已逐渐显现。所有这些部分最终共同构成了哮喘和过敏性疾病等复杂综合征的临床表现。即使目前这些发现无法直接得出实际应用意义，但基于“卫生假说”的概念，未来开发新型预防和治疗策略仍具有巨大潜力。
