Kilpeläinen Antti, Gerendiain Ane Zubizarreta, Luostarinen Katri, Peltola Heli, Kellomäki Seppo
University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Tree Physiol. 2007 Sep;27(9):1329-38. doi: 10.1093/treephys/27.9.1329.
We studied the effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) alone and together on wood anatomy of 20-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. The study was conducted in 16 closed chambers, providing a factorial combination of two temperature regimes and two CO(2) concentrations (ambient and elevated), with four trees in each treatment. The climate scenario included a doubling of [CO(2)] and a corresponding increase of 2-6 degrees C in temperature at the site depending on the season. Anatomical characteristics analyzed were annual earlywood, latewood and ring widths, intra-ring wood densities (earlywood, latewood and mean wood density), tracheid width, length, wall thickness, lumen diameter, wall thickness:lumen diameter ratio and mass per unit length (coarseness), and numbers of rays, resin canals and tracheids per xylem cross-sectional area. Elevated [CO(2)] increased ring width in four of six treatment years; earlywood width increased in the first two years and latewood width in the third year. Tracheid walls in both the earlywood and latewood tended to become thicker over the 6-year treatment period when temperature or [CO(2)] was elevated alone, whereas in the combined treatment they tended to become thinner relative to the tracheids of trees grown under ambient conditions. Latewood tracheid lumen diameters were larger in all the treatments relative to ambient conditions over the 6-year period, whereas lumen diameters in earlywood increased only in response to elevated [CO(2)] and were 3-6% smaller in the treatments with elevated temperature than in ambient conditions. Tracheid width, length and coarseness were greater in trees grown in elevated than in ambient temperature. The number of resin canals per mm(2) decreased in the elevated [CO(2)] treatment and increased in the elevated temperature treatments relative to ambient conditions. The treatments decreased the number of rays and tracheids per mm(2) of cross-sectional area, the greatest decrease occurring in the elevated [CO(2)] treatment. It seemed that xylem anatomy was affected more by elevated temperature than by elevated [CO(2)] and that the effects of temperature were confined to the earlywood.
我们研究了温度升高和二氧化碳浓度（[CO₂]）单独及共同作用对20年生苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）树木木材解剖结构的影响。该研究在16个封闭舱室中进行，设置了两种温度 regime 和两种 CO₂ 浓度（环境浓度和升高浓度）的析因组合，每种处理有四棵树。气候情景包括 [CO₂] 翻倍以及根据季节该地点温度相应升高2 - 6摄氏度。分析的解剖特征有年度早材、晚材和年轮宽度、年轮内木材密度（早材、晚材和平均木材密度）、管胞宽度、长度、壁厚、腔径、壁厚与腔径比以及单位长度质量（粗糙度），还有每单位木质部横截面积的射线、树脂道和管胞数量。升高 [CO₂] 在六个处理年份中的四年增加了年轮宽度；早材宽度在前两年增加，晚材宽度在第三年增加。在单独升高温度或 [CO₂] 的6年处理期内，早材和晚材的管胞壁都趋于变厚，而在联合处理中，相对于在环境条件下生长的树木的管胞，它们趋于变薄。在6年期间，所有处理中晚材管胞腔径相对于环境条件都更大，而早材腔径仅在 [CO₂] 升高时增加，并且在温度升高的处理中比在环境条件下小3 - 6%。与环境温度相比，在升高温度下生长的树木管胞宽度、长度和粗糙度更大。相对于环境条件，在 [CO₂] 升高处理中每平方毫米树脂道数量减少，在温度升高处理中增加。这些处理减少了每平方毫米横截面积的射线和管胞数量，在 [CO₂] 升高处理中减少最多。似乎木质部解剖结构受温度升高的影响比受 [CO₂] 升高的影响更大，并且温度的影响仅限于早材。
