Webb Theresa, Jenkins Lucille, Browne Nickolas, Afifi Abdelmonen A, Kraus Jess
Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Pediatrics. 2007 Jun;119(6):e1219-29. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1319.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the violence content of the top-grossing PG-13 films of 1999 and 2000 to determine what percentage of it had potential for negative effects on young viewers and what percentage of it had potential for prosocial or beneficial effects.
A large, multidimensional analytic instrument was designed for systematic coding of each act of violence and its contextualization by features that have been shown either to enhance or to protect against harmful effects that are associated with violent media exposure: perpetrators and victims of violence, motivation for violence, presence of weapons, degree of realism, and consequences of violence. Descriptive statistics by genre were performed for each film. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to examine the association between the seriousness of violence and weapons, motive, and genre.
In the sample of 77 PG-13 films, a total of 2251 violent actions were observed with roughly half (47%) of lethal magnitude. A total of 118 acts contained justified violence that were initiated by major characters and were extremely serious, and approximately two thirds of the films (49 [64%]) were rated PG-13 for reasons other than violence.
Violence permeated nearly 90% of the films in our study. Although only a small subset of this content contained violence that was associated with negative effects, only 1 film contained violence that was associated with protective or beneficial effects.
本研究旨在评估1999年和2000年票房最高的PG-13级电影中的暴力内容，以确定其中有多大比例可能对年轻观众产生负面影响，以及有多大比例可能产生亲社会或有益影响。
设计了一种大型的多维度分析工具，用于对每一个暴力行为及其背景进行系统编码，这些背景特征已被证明可增强或防止与接触暴力媒体相关的有害影响：暴力行为的实施者和受害者、暴力动机、武器的存在、真实程度以及暴力后果。对每部电影按类型进行描述性统计。使用有序逻辑回归模型来检验暴力严重程度与武器、动机和类型之间的关联。
在77部PG-13级电影的样本中，共观察到2251次暴力行为，其中约一半（47%）具有致命性。共有118次行为包含主要角色发起的合理暴力，且极其严重，约三分之二的电影（49部[64%]）因暴力以外的原因被评为PG-13级。
在我们的研究中，暴力几乎渗透到了90%的电影中。虽然只有一小部分内容包含与负面影响相关的暴力，但只有1部电影包含与保护或有益影响相关的暴力。
