Mazo Vladimir K, Gmoshinski Ivan V, Zorin Sergey N
State Research Institute of Nutrition, Moscow, Russia.
Biotechnol J. 2007 Oct;2(10):1297-305. doi: 10.1002/biot.200700015.
Population satiety with trace elements (TE) is a problem that is widely discussed in nutrition science. For optimal nutrition, the form of TE eaten in food is very important. Organic forms of TE in nutrition are appropriate as human metabolism has adapted to these kinds of nutrients during species evolution. This is now considered a reason for the beneficial use of biotechnologically produced TE sources in human food. Advanced matrixes for TE incorporation are unicellular organisms such as yeast, lactobacilli and Spirulina. Addition of inorganic salts at certain concentrations into cultivation media enables the mineral ions to incorporate into the microbial biomass. As a consequence, the biomass becomes enriched with organic forms of incorporated TE, which are presented by their complexes with amino acids, proteins and probably lipids and polysaccharides. In addition, a new direction of research has made good advances, in which technology has been developed for production of organic forms of TE through complex formation between transition metals (zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, iron) with amino acids and peptides formed during enzymatic hydrolysis of food protein. This brief review discusses the results demonstrating the advances in the biotechnological production of new TE sources, to obtain food components destined for wide prophylaxis of TE deficiency or for dietary treatment of the adverse consequences of these deficiencies.
人群对微量元素（TE）的饱腹感是营养科学中广泛讨论的一个问题。为实现最佳营养，食物中所摄入的TE形式非常重要。营养中的有机TE形式是合适的，因为在物种进化过程中，人类新陈代谢已适应了这类营养素。现在这被认为是在人类食物中有益使用生物技术生产的TE来源的一个原因。用于掺入TE的先进基质是单细胞生物，如酵母、乳酸菌和螺旋藻。向培养基中添加一定浓度的无机盐可使矿质离子掺入微生物生物量中。结果，生物量富含掺入TE的有机形式，这些有机形式以它们与氨基酸、蛋白质以及可能的脂质和多糖的复合物形式存在。此外，一个新的研究方向取得了良好进展，即通过过渡金属（锌、铜、锰、铬、铁）与食物蛋白酶水解过程中形成的氨基酸和肽形成络合物来生产有机形式的TE的技术已得到发展。这篇简短的综述讨论了相关结果，这些结果表明在新TE来源的生物技术生产方面取得了进展，以获得用于广泛预防TE缺乏或用于饮食治疗这些缺乏症不良后果的食物成分。
