Colin Joseph
University Hospital Complex of Bordeaux, Peflegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
Drugs. 2007;67(9):1291-308. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200767090-00004.
Recent advances in cataract surgery, such as phacoemulsification, small-incision surgery and advances in foldable intraocular lenses, have resulted in the decrease of physical trauma associated with cataract surgery. The decrease in the physical surgical trauma decreases the release of prostaglandins, which are the main players in postoperative ocular inflammation. However, postoperative inflammation continues to be a cause of patient discomfort, delayed recovery and, in some cases, suboptimal visual results. Left untreated, this inflammation might interfere with patients' rehabilitation and/or contribute to the development of other complications, such as cystoid macular oedema.NSAIDs are commercially available, in topical or systemic formulations, for the prophylaxis and treatment of ocular conditions. Topically applied NSAIDs are commonly used in the management and prevention of non-infectious ocular inflammation and cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery. They are also used in the management of pain following refractive surgery and in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Despite their chemical heterogeneity, all NSAIDs share the similar therapeutic property of inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme. The appeal of using NSAIDs in the treatment of ocular inflammation hinges on the complications associated with corticosteroids, the other commonly used therapy for ophthalmic inflammation.
白内障手术的最新进展，如超声乳化术、小切口手术以及可折叠人工晶状体的进步，已使白内障手术相关的身体创伤有所减少。手术身体创伤的减少降低了前列腺素的释放，而前列腺素是术后眼部炎症的主要引发因素。然而，术后炎症仍是导致患者不适、恢复延迟，且在某些情况下导致视觉效果欠佳的一个原因。若不加以治疗，这种炎症可能会干扰患者的康复和/或促使其他并发症的发生，如黄斑囊样水肿。非甾体抗炎药有局部或全身用药的剂型，可用于预防和治疗眼部疾病。局部应用的非甾体抗炎药常用于白内障手术后非感染性眼部炎症和黄斑囊样水肿的管理与预防。它们也用于屈光手术后疼痛的管理以及过敏性结膜炎的治疗。尽管非甾体抗炎药化学性质各异，但它们都具有抑制环氧化酶的相似治疗特性。在治疗眼部炎症时使用非甾体抗炎药的吸引力在于与另一种常用于眼部炎症治疗的药物——皮质类固醇相关的并发症。
