Du Ting-Ting, Huang Qiu-Hua
State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Uni-versity, Shanghai 200025, China.
Yi Chuan. 2007 Apr;29(4):387-92. doi: 10.1360/yc-007-0387.
Histone lysine methylation plays a key role in epigenetic regulation.There are five lysines within histone H3(K4, K9, K27, K36, K79). Besides, one lysine within histone H4(K20) has been shown to be methylated by specific histone lysine methyltransferase. Methylation at H3-K9 is associated with transcriptional repression, while methylation at H3-K4 and H3-K36 is associated with transcriptional activation. The methylation of histone H3-K27 was proved to be linked to several silencing phenomena including homeotic-gene silencing, X inactivation and genomic imprinting. H3-K79 methylation plays a role in DNA repair and transcriptional activation, and the extent and biological significance of histone de-methylation will surely attract great attention.
组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化在表观遗传调控中起关键作用。组蛋白H3中有五个赖氨酸（K4、K9、K27、K36、K79）。此外，组蛋白H4中的一个赖氨酸（K20）已被证明可被特定的组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶甲基化。H3-K9的甲基化与转录抑制相关，而H3-K4和H3-K36的甲基化与转录激活相关。组蛋白H3-K27的甲基化被证明与多种沉默现象有关，包括同源异型基因沉默、X染色体失活和基因组印记。H3-K79甲基化在DNA修复和转录激活中起作用，组蛋白去甲基化的程度和生物学意义必将引起极大关注。
