Martimo Kari-Pekka, Varonen Helena, Husman Kaj, Viikari-Juntura Eira
Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Occup Med (Lond). 2007 Aug;57(5):380-2. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqm028. Epub 2007 Jun 4.
Symptoms and health problems caused or aggravated by work are common. In order to study perceived work ability and associated factors, including those related to work, a closer analysis was undertaken in an occupational health setting.
This study aimed to analyse self-assessed work ability and its determinants in employees seeking medical advice, with special emphasis on work-related factors.
During 723 illness-related visits to occupational physicians, questionnaires covering personal data, main health problems, their work relatedness, duration and effect on work ability were completed by the employee and physician. Factors associated with self-assessed work ability were studied in a multinomial logistic regression model.
The majority of employees considered themselves as being able or partially able to work despite the health problem. Independent predictors of impaired work ability were mental or musculoskeletal disorders, self-assessed work relatedness of the disease, older age, blue-collar work and short duration of the symptoms. If the patient was convinced about the benefits of work-related interventions, the risk for disability was significantly reduced.
Special attention should be paid to the recognition and modification of potential work-related causes of disability. In addition, patients with partial work ability should be encouraged to stay at work instead of taking sick leave. For effective disability management, accommodated work and other evidence-based interventions are needed at the workplace.
由工作引起或加重的症状和健康问题很常见。为了研究感知到的工作能力及相关因素，包括与工作有关的因素，在职业健康环境中进行了更深入的分析。
本研究旨在分析寻求医疗建议的员工自我评估的工作能力及其决定因素，特别强调与工作相关的因素。
在723次与疾病相关的职业医生问诊过程中，员工和医生完成了涵盖个人数据、主要健康问题、其与工作的相关性、持续时间以及对工作能力影响的问卷。在多项逻辑回归模型中研究与自我评估工作能力相关的因素。
尽管存在健康问题，但大多数员工认为自己能够或部分能够工作。工作能力受损的独立预测因素包括精神或肌肉骨骼疾病、疾病的自我评估工作相关性、年龄较大、蓝领工作以及症状持续时间短。如果患者确信与工作相关的干预措施的益处，残疾风险会显著降低。
应特别关注识别和改变潜在的与工作相关的致残原因。此外，应鼓励部分有工作能力的患者继续工作而非请病假。为了进行有效的残疾管理，工作场所需要适应性工作和其他基于证据的干预措施。
