Rayman R, Croome K, Galbraith N, McClure R, Morady R, Peterson S, Smith S, Subotic V, Van Wynsberghe A, Patel R, Primak S
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Med Robot. 2007 Jun;3(2):111-6. doi: 10.1002/rcs.133.
BACKGROUND: Telesurgery was performed with ground vs. satellite networks, and differing satellite bandwidths. METHODS: The networks were compared during internal mammary artery (LIMA) dissection in pigs (n = 8). Length of LIMA dissected and surgical quality (five-point scale) were recorded. Also, satellite bandwidth was decreased (n = 7) to determine a limit for telesurgery. RESULTS: No significant differences existed in LIMA dissection during the ground (4.3 +/- 0.5 cm) and satellite phases (5.4 +/- 1.1 cm; p > 0.05) or in quality of surgery, although latency on satellite was 10 times greater (55 vs. 600 ms). With decreasing satellite bandwidth, surgery was not possible below 3 Mb/s, and quality of surgery was significantly decreased comparing 9 Mb/s (4.38 +/- 0.66/5) to 3 Mb/s (4.10 +/- 0.80/5; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Satellite communication is a viable telesurgical modality. Satellite bandwidth should be above 5 Mb/s during telesurgery if used primarily or as back-up.
背景：远程手术通过地面网络与卫星网络以及不同的卫星带宽进行。 方法：在猪（n = 8）的胸廓内动脉（LIMA）解剖过程中对这些网络进行比较。记录解剖的LIMA长度和手术质量（五分制）。此外，降低卫星带宽（n = 7）以确定远程手术的限度。 结果：在地面阶段（4.3 +/- 0.5厘米）和卫星阶段（5.4 +/- 1.1厘米；p > 0.05）的LIMA解剖或手术质量方面不存在显著差异，尽管卫星上的延迟大10倍（55对600毫秒）。随着卫星带宽降低，低于3兆比特/秒时无法进行手术，并且将9兆比特/秒（4.38 +/- 0.66/5）与3兆比特/秒（4.10 +/- 0.80/5；p < 0.05）相比，手术质量显著下降。 结论：卫星通信是一种可行的远程手术方式。如果主要使用或作为备用，远程手术期间卫星带宽应高于5兆比特/秒。
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