Spradbery J P, Tozer R S, Pound A A
CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, ACT.
Aust Vet J. 1991 Oct;68(10):338-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb03095.x.
A number of insecticides used for ectoparasite control in the livestock industry were screened for their efficacy against larvae of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, using in vivo and laboratory tests. Proprietary screw-worm fly treatments (after exposure to outdoor conditions for up to 10 days) were also tested against eggs and adults of C bezziana. Three of these were also evaluated on naturally acquired screw-worm infestations. Residual protection was generally of short duration. Among the organophosphorus compounds, the most effective formulations contained relatively high concentrations (3 to 4% al) of coumaphos, 2.5% fenchlorphos or low concentrations (0.05 to 0.5% al) of diazinon, chlorfenvinphos and fenthion methyl. Two chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides containing 3% lindane and 5% dieldrin were very effective but are now prohibited for use in Australia. Preparations had serious deficiencies when used under field conditions, especially for treating large, deepseated myiases for which systemic insecticides are recommended. A comparison of methods demonstrated that a laboratory test could supersede live animal experimentation, at least for the initial screening of potential insecticides.
利用体内试验和实验室试验，对畜牧业中用于控制体外寄生虫的多种杀虫剂进行了筛选，以评估其对螺旋锥蝇（Chrysomya bezziana）幼虫的防治效果。还对螺旋锥蝇的专有处理方法（在户外条件下暴露长达10天之后）针对贝氏金蝇的卵和成虫进行了测试。其中三种方法还针对自然感染的螺旋锥蝇进行了评估。残留保护作用通常持续时间较短。在有机磷化合物中，最有效的配方含有相对高浓度（3%至4% 活性成分）的蝇毒磷、2.5%的皮蝇磷或低浓度（0.05%至0.5% 活性成分）的二嗪农、毒虫畏和倍硫磷甲基。两种分别含有3%林丹和5%狄氏剂的氯代烃类杀虫剂非常有效，但目前在澳大利亚已被禁止使用。这些制剂在田间条件下使用时存在严重缺陷，尤其是在处理大型、深部蝇蛆病时，对此推荐使用内吸性杀虫剂。方法比较表明，实验室试验至少在初步筛选潜在杀虫剂时可以取代活体动物试验。
