König Cornelius J, Kleinmann Martin
University of Zürich, Switzerland.
J Psychol. 2007 May;141(3):321-34. doi: 10.3200/JRLP.141.3.321-336.
The lens of behavioral decision theory offers a new perspective for research on time management. The basic idea of this approach is that people discount future consequences of their time management decisions, meaning that they work on tasks with smaller but sooner outcomes rather than on tasks with larger but later outcomes. The authors performed 2 experimental studies to test whether people are sensitive to differences in the discounted utility of time management decisions. In Experiment 1, they used vignettes of typical time management situations; Experiment 2 was a laboratory simulation (an in-basket task that was part of a training assessment). Participants in both studies were German students. As expected, manipulating the discounted utility of options resulted in different time management decisions. In Experiment 1, reactions to time management situations were judged as less likely if the reactions had lower discounted utilities. In Experiment 2, people spent less time on an interruption.
行为决策理论为时间管理研究提供了一个新视角。这种方法的基本观点是，人们会对自己时间管理决策的未来后果进行贴现，也就是说，他们会处理那些结果较小但能更快实现的任务，而不是处理那些结果较大但较晚实现的任务。作者进行了两项实验研究，以测试人们是否对时间管理决策的贴现效用差异敏感。在实验1中，他们使用了典型时间管理情境的 vignettes；实验2是一个实验室模拟（作为培训评估一部分的收件篮任务）。两项研究的参与者均为德国学生。正如预期的那样，操纵选项的贴现效用会导致不同的时间管理决策。在实验1中，如果反应的贴现效用较低，对时间管理情境的反应被判定为可能性较小。在实验2中，人们在一项干扰上花费的时间较少。
