Rebok George W, Carlson Michelle C, Langbaum Jessica B S
Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007 Jun;62 Spec No 1:53-61. doi: 10.1093/geronb/62.special_issue_1.53.
This article reviews both traditional and novel approaches for training and maintaining memory abilities in older adults. Despite variations in training methods and participant samples, growing evidence suggests that healthy, nondemented elders can improve and maintain their memory skills. However, traditional approaches have not been as successful in demonstrating transfer of training, and there are constraints on widescale dissemination of trainer-led, group-based formats. We discuss novel platforms, including collaborative training, videotapes and audiotapes, and online and CD-ROM-based training. We also consider approaches that combine multiple training modalities and that embed memory enhancement within cognitively stimulating activities of everyday life, such as Experience Corps. These newer approaches may enhance the accessibility, affordability, and applicability of memory training and cognitive stimulation programs.
本文回顾了训练和维持老年人记忆能力的传统方法和新方法。尽管训练方法和参与者样本存在差异，但越来越多的证据表明，健康、未患痴呆症的老年人可以提高并维持他们的记忆技能。然而，传统方法在证明训练的迁移效果方面并不那么成功，而且由培训师主导的、基于群体的形式在大规模推广方面存在限制。我们讨论了新的平台，包括协作训练、录像带和录音带，以及基于网络和光盘的训练。我们还考虑了结合多种训练方式以及将记忆增强融入日常生活中的认知刺激活动（如“经验军团”）的方法。这些更新的方法可能会提高记忆训练和认知刺激项目的可及性、可承受性和适用性。
