Collyer Charles E, Gallo Frank J, Corey Jonathan, Waters Dusty, Boney-McCoy Susan
Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2007 Apr;104(2):637-53. doi: 10.2466/pms.104.2.637-653.
Two exploratory studies examined ratings of the severity of violence of several behaviors. In Study 1, a very consistent ordering of the behaviors by severity was obtained from two groups of participants. The stated justification for the behaviors was manipulated, and both mitigation and aggravation effects were observed. Study 2 found that essentially the same ordering of behaviors could be obtained in a provocation-rating task, and that both the severity ratings and the provocation ratings yielded four interpretable types of violence upon factor analysis: more severe physical (V1), less severe physical (V2), more severe nonphysical (V3), and less severe nonphysical (V4). Individual profiles of severity ratings across these four types yielded two interpretable groupings of participants upon cluster analysis: a violence-sensitive group and a violence-tolerant group. The violence-tolerant group had lower severity ratings for three of the four types of violence. These empirical distinctions help to illuminate what appear to be different meanings of the term violent for different behavior categories and for different individuals.
两项探索性研究考察了对几种行为暴力严重程度的评级。在研究1中，两组参与者对行为的严重程度给出了非常一致的排序。对行为的既定理由进行了操控，同时观察到了减轻和加重效应。研究2发现，在挑衅评级任务中基本上可以得到相同的行为排序，并且严重程度评级和挑衅评级在因子分析时都产生了四种可解释的暴力类型：更严重的身体暴力（V1）、不太严重的身体暴力（V2）、更严重的非身体暴力（V3）和不太严重的非身体暴力（V4）。对这四种类型的严重程度评级的个体概况进行聚类分析后，产生了两类可解释的参与者分组：暴力敏感组和暴力容忍组。暴力容忍组对四种暴力类型中的三种的严重程度评级较低。这些实证差异有助于阐明对于不同行为类别和不同个体而言，“暴力”一词似乎具有的不同含义。
