Van Hook Jennifer, Balistreri Kelly Stamper
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Sep;65(5):976-89. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.032. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
Prior research has yielded mixed evidence of a relationship between immigrant generational status or acculturation and overweight or obesity among children of immigrants. This study examined socioeconomic status (SES) and economic development of the sending country as additional factors influencing children body mass index (BMI) and as moderating the relationship between parental generational status and BMI. Using data from the kindergarten cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (N=16,664 children) carried out in the USA, the research estimated growth curve models and tested the significance of interaction terms between generational status (i.e., children of the 1.0 generation, who arrived at age 12 or older; children of the 1.5 generation, who arrived between the ages of birth and 11; and children of natives), SES, and the country of origin's gross domestic product per capita. Results indicate that the children of the 1.0 generation from higher-income countries tended to gain more weight than children from lower-income countries. The relationship between family SES and weight gain was positive among the first-generation children and stronger among those from lower-income countries than from higher-income countries. Weight gain was positively associated with generation only among lower SES children from low-income countries. It was negatively associated with generation for higher SES children from low-income countries. The results are consistent with a conceptual model of BMI assimilation that links global nutrition patterns to the levels and socioeconomic variations in BMI among the 1.0-generation and their children, and conceptualizes assimilation as occurring within socioeconomic strata. This approach leads to the expectation that overweight is likely to be positively associated with generation among those from low-income countries (as measured by GDP/capita) with low SES but negatively associated among those from low-income countries with high SES.
先前的研究对于移民代际地位或文化适应与移民子女超重或肥胖之间的关系给出了不一致的证据。本研究考察了社会经济地位（SES）和移民输出国的经济发展，将其作为影响儿童体重指数（BMI）的额外因素，以及作为调节父母代际地位与BMI之间关系的因素。利用美国进行的幼儿纵向调查幼儿园队列的数据（N = 16664名儿童），该研究估计了生长曲线模型，并检验了代际地位（即1.0代儿童，12岁及以上到达；1.5代儿童，出生至11岁之间到达；以及本土儿童）、SES和原籍国人均国内生产总值之间交互项的显著性。结果表明，来自高收入国家的1.0代儿童比来自低收入国家的儿童体重增加更多。家庭SES与体重增加之间的关系在第一代儿童中呈正相关，且在来自低收入国家的儿童中比来自高收入国家的儿童中更强。体重增加仅在来自低收入国家的低SES儿童中与代际呈正相关。对于来自低收入国家的高SES儿童，体重增加与代际呈负相关。这些结果与BMI同化的概念模型一致，该模型将全球营养模式与1.0代及其子女的BMI水平和社会经济差异联系起来，并将同化概念化为在社会经济阶层内发生。这种方法导致这样的预期，即超重可能在来自低收入国家（以人均国内生产总值衡量）且SES低的人群中与代际呈正相关，但在来自低收入国家且SES高的人群中呈负相关。
