Gureje Oye, Degenhardt Louisa, Olley Benjamin, Uwakwe Richard, Udofia Owoidoho, Wakil Abba, Adeyemi Olusola, Bohnert Kipling M, Anthony James C
Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Nov 2;91(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.010. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected groups in Nigeria. Here, we extend the description to include the features of substance dependence.
A stratified multi-stage random sampling of households was used to select respondents in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing 57% of the national population). In-person interviews with 6752 adults were conducted using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 3. Lifetime history and recent (past year) use, as well as features of dependence on, alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, sedatives, stimulants, and other drugs were assessed.
Alcohol was the most commonly used substance, with 56% (95% confidence interval, CI=54, 58%) ever users and 14% (95% CI=13, 15%) recent (past year) users. Roughly 3% were recent smokers (3%, 95% CI=2.6, 4.2%). Next most common were sedatives, 4% (95% CI=2.3, 4.5%), and cannabis smokers, 0.4% (95% CI=0.1, 0.6%). Males were more likely than females to be users of every drug group investigated, with male preponderance being particularly marked for cannabis. Prevalence of both alcohol and tobacco use was highest among middle aged adults. Moslems were much less likely to use alcohol than persons of other faiths, but no such association was found for tobacco, non-prescription drug use, or illegal drug use. Features of abuse and dependence were more common at the population level for alcohol; but among users, these features were just as likely to be experienced by alcohol users as they were by other drug users.
Alcohol is the most commonly used psychoactive drug in Nigeria. Features associated with drug dependence and abuse are less prevalent but may require attention by public health authorities.
多项研究调查了尼日利亚特定群体中精神活性物质的使用情况。在此，我们将描述范围扩大至包括物质依赖的特征。
采用分层多阶段随机抽样的家庭调查方法，从尼日利亚36个州中的21个州选取受访者（占全国人口的57%）。使用世界卫生组织综合国际诊断访谈第3版对6752名成年人进行了面对面访谈。评估了终生使用史和近期（过去一年）使用情况，以及对酒精、烟草、大麻、镇静剂、兴奋剂和其他药物的依赖特征。
酒精是最常用的物质，56%（95%置信区间，CI = 54, 58%）的人曾使用过，14%（95% CI = 13, 15%）为近期（过去一年）使用者。约3%为近期吸烟者（3%，95% CI = 2.6, 4.2%）。其次最常见的是镇静剂，4%（95% CI = 2.3, 4.5%），以及大麻吸烟者，0.4%（95% CI = 0.1, 0.6%）。在每个被调查的药物组中，男性比女性更有可能成为使用者，大麻使用者中男性占比尤为明显。酒精和烟草的使用率在中年成年人中最高。穆斯林使用酒精的可能性远低于其他宗教信仰的人，但在烟草、非处方药使用或非法药物使用方面未发现此类关联。在人群层面，酒精滥用和依赖特征更为常见；但在使用者中，酒精使用者与其他药物使用者经历这些特征的可能性相同。
酒精是尼日利亚最常用的精神活性药物。与药物依赖和滥用相关的特征虽不太普遍，但可能需要公共卫生当局予以关注。
