Wright Cameron D
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Blake 1570, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008 Feb;65(2):109-20. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Jun 14.
Thymoma is a rare neoplasm usually with an indolent growth pattern, however, local invasion and/or metastases may occur. The association with several paraneoplastic syndromes, especially myasthenia gravis, is noteworthy. Surgery has been the standard of care for early stage disease with high cure rates anticipated. The most important prognostic factors after resection are Masaoka stage, World Health Organization (WHO) histology, complete resection status and size. Multimodality therapy can result in long-term disease-free survival for patients presenting with locally advanced disease. Thymomas are sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy and are utilized with good effects in unresectable patients.
胸腺瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,通常生长方式较为惰性,但可能会发生局部侵犯和/或转移。与多种副肿瘤综合征,尤其是重症肌无力的关联值得注意。手术一直是早期疾病的标准治疗方法,预期治愈率较高。切除术后最重要的预后因素是马萨oka分期、世界卫生组织(WHO)组织学类型、完整切除状态和肿瘤大小。多模式治疗可使局部晚期疾病患者获得长期无病生存。胸腺瘤对化疗和放疗均敏感,在无法切除的患者中应用效果良好。