Ravi Anita, Blankenship Kim M, Altice Frederick L
Atlanta, GA, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2007 Jul-Aug;17(4):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.009. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
We examine the association between history of violence and risk for HIV infection among incarcerated women. Specifically, we consider physical violence and rape as they relate to unprotected sex with male primary and nonprimary (male or female) sexual partners among a sample of HIV negative female inmates (n = 1,588) housed in Connecticut's sole correctional facility for women between November 1994 and October 1996.
A supplement to the mandatory Connecticut Department of Correction Inmate Medical Screening/Health History was used to collect information on each woman's background, history of violence, and unprotected sex practices. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the associations between violence and unprotected sex by partner type.
Experiencing any violence was significantly associated with increased odds of unprotected sex with one's primary partner, even after controlling for race, history of sex work, drug use, employment status, and having other nonprimary partners. Of particular importance was having a history of physical violence. History of violence was not significantly associated with unprotected sex with nonprimary partners.
These findings demonstrate the considerable vulnerability of incarcerated women to violence and suggest that this history is associated with increased unprotected sex practices, especially with male primary partners. HIV prevention interventions among women should take experiences of violence into account. Conversely, violence prevention and interventions aimed at coping with violence can be a part of the HIV prevention agenda for incarcerated women. Future longitudinal research can confirm the relationships of violence to HIV risk in women.
我们研究了被监禁女性中暴力史与艾滋病毒感染风险之间的关联。具体而言，我们考察了身体暴力和强奸与艾滋病毒阴性女性囚犯（n = 1,588）与男性主要和非主要（男性或女性）性伴侣发生无保护性行为之间的关系，这些女性囚犯于1994年11月至1996年10月被关押在康涅狄格州唯一的女子惩教机构。
使用康涅狄格州惩教部强制要求的囚犯医疗筛查/健康史补充问卷来收集每位女性的背景、暴力史和无保护性行为情况的信息。采用多变量逻辑回归来确定暴力与不同伴侣类型的无保护性行为之间的关联。
即使在控制了种族、性工作史、吸毒情况、就业状况以及是否有其他非主要伴侣之后，经历过任何暴力行为仍与与主要伴侣发生无保护性行为的几率增加显著相关。特别重要的是有身体暴力史。暴力史与与非主要伴侣发生无保护性行为并无显著关联。
这些研究结果表明被监禁女性极易遭受暴力，并表明这种经历与无保护性行为增加有关，尤其是与男性主要伴侣的无保护性行为。针对女性的艾滋病毒预防干预措施应考虑到暴力经历。相反，预防暴力以及旨在应对暴力行为的干预措施可以成为被监禁女性艾滋病毒预防议程的一部分。未来的纵向研究可以证实暴力与女性艾滋病毒感染风险之间的关系。
