Hunt Elizabeth A, Shilkofski Nicole A, Stavroudis Theodora A, Nelson Kristen L
Johns Hopkins Simulation Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 904, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2007 Jun;25(2):301-19. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2007.03.004.
Traditional medical education has emphasized autonomy, and until recently issues related to teamwork have not been explicitly included in medical curriculum. The Institute of Medicine highlighted that health care providers train as individuals, yet function as teams, creating a gap between training and reality and called for the use of medical simulation to improve teamwork. The aviation industry created a program called Cockpit and later Crew Resource Management that has served as a model for team training programs in medicine. This article reviews important concepts related to teamwork and discusses examples where simulation either could be or has been used to improve teamwork in medical disciplines to enhance patient safety.
传统医学教育一直强调自主性，直到最近，与团队合作相关的问题才被明确纳入医学课程。医学研究所强调，医疗保健提供者以个体形式接受培训，但却要作为团队开展工作，这就造成了培训与现实之间的差距，并呼吁利用医学模拟来改善团队合作。航空业创建了一个名为“驾驶舱资源管理”（后更名为“机组资源管理”）的项目，该项目已成为医学领域团队培训项目的典范。本文回顾了与团队合作相关的重要概念，并讨论了一些案例，在这些案例中，模拟可以或已经被用于改善医学学科中的团队合作，以提高患者安全。
