Nilsson Peter M, Bergkvist Göran, Peters Anja, Köpp Wolfgang
Dept of the History of Medicine, Univ of Lund, Sweden.
Sven Med Tidskr. 2006;10(1):199-211.
In Nazi Germany 1933-1945 the medical profession played an important role, not only within the health sector but also for ideological purposes. Some physicians committed criminal acts during the war, for example in concentration camps, and where later put on trial at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946-1947, some of them also sentenced to death. What is little known outside Germany is the existence of a specialised political leader school for physicians, dentists, midwives, pharmacists, and health officials at Alt-Rehse, a small village north of Berlin in the province of Mecklenburg, Northern Germany. Supported by historical documents it can be shown that the ideological training at Alt-Rehse was structured, politically effective, and well appreciated by the many attending students visiting the school. There is reason to believe that former Alt-Rehse students took part in Nazi criminal acts of war, but this is hard to prove as all documents were captured by the Russian Army at the end of the Second World War and have until now not been traced. Documents have shown that also many foreign visitors came to Alt-Rehse, from the UK, Sweden, Japan, and other countries during the pre-war years. The lessons from Alt-Rehse include how a totalitarian ideology can shape the professional role of health workers.
在1933年至1945年的纳粹德国，医学界不仅在卫生领域发挥了重要作用，还被用于意识形态目的。一些医生在战争期间犯下了罪行，比如在集中营，后来在1946年至1947年的纽伦堡审判中受审，其中一些人还被判处死刑。在德国境外鲜为人知的是，在德国北部梅克伦堡省柏林以北的一个小村庄阿尔特 - 雷瑟，存在一所专门为医生、牙医、助产士、药剂师和卫生官员设立的政治领袖学校。根据历史文件可以证明，阿尔特 - 雷瑟的意识形态培训组织有序、具有政治效力，并且受到许多前来该校学习的学生的高度评价。有理由相信，阿尔特 - 雷瑟的往届学生参与了纳粹的战争罪行，但这很难证实，因为所有文件在第二次世界大战结束时被苏联军队缴获，至今仍未找到。文件显示，在战前几年，也有许多来自英国、瑞典、日本和其他国家的外国访客来到阿尔特 - 雷瑟。阿尔特 - 雷瑟的教训包括极权主义意识形态如何塑造卫生工作者的职业角色。
