Mills John A, Harrison Tom
Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan.
Hist Psychol. 2007 Feb;10(1):22-43. doi: 10.1037/1093-4510.10.1.22.
The history of psychiatric therapeutic communities is complex and obscure. Nevertheless, one can make a reasonable case for saying that the first true therapeutic community was created at Northfield Military Hospital, Birmingham, England, in 1945. That community had its origins in the thought and practice of two British psychoanalysts, John Rickman and Wilfred Ruprecht Bion. Accordingly, in the present article their careers and the social and intellectual influences bearing on them are discussed. The article then continues by describing Rickman's work as a military psychiatrist, Bion's prototype of a therapeutic community, and the therapeutic community that was eventually created at Northfield. It is hoped that the article will provide some of the groundwork for an adequate history of the therapeutic community.
精神科治疗社区的历史复杂且模糊不清。然而，有理由认为第一个真正的治疗社区是1945年在英国伯明翰的诺斯菲尔德军事医院创建的。那个社区起源于两位英国精神分析学家约翰·里克曼和威尔弗雷德·鲁普雷希特·比昂的思想与实践。因此，在本文中，将讨论他们的职业生涯以及对他们产生影响的社会和思想因素。接着，文章将描述里克曼作为军事精神科医生的工作、比昂的治疗社区原型以及最终在诺斯菲尔德创建的治疗社区。希望本文能为一部全面的治疗社区史奠定一些基础。
