Kaufman A S, Kaufman-Packer J L, McLean J E, Reynolds C R
University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
J Clin Psychol. 1991 Nov;47(6):801-12. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<801::aid-jclp2270470611>3.0.co;2-c.
Gender comparisons on the WAIS-R were made for 1,480 adults from the standardization sample, ages 20-74 years, to determine whether men and women differ in their age-related patterns of change on tests of fluid and crystallized abilities. Multivariate analyses of covariance and univariate analyses of covariance were conducted, covarying education, to examine the age + gender interactions. These interactions tended to be nonsignificant and trivial for the WAIS-R Verbal and Performance scales and the 11 subtests, which suggests that both men and women maintain their crystallized abilities through old age, but show early, rapid declines in fluid ability. These results were interpreted in terms of the literature on aging and intelligence, gender differences in cognitive abilities, and gender differences in V-P patterns for patients with unilateral brain damage.
对来自标准化样本的1480名年龄在20至74岁之间的成年人进行了韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R）的性别比较，以确定男性和女性在流体智力和晶体智力测试中与年龄相关的变化模式是否存在差异。进行了多变量协方差分析和单变量协方差分析，并将教育程度作为协变量，以检验年龄与性别的交互作用。对于WAIS-R言语量表、操作量表及11个分测验而言，这些交互作用往往不显著且微不足道，这表明男性和女性在老年时都能保持其晶体智力，但流体智力在早期就会迅速下降。根据有关衰老与智力、认知能力的性别差异以及单侧脑损伤患者V-P模式的性别差异的文献对这些结果进行了解释。
