Margrett Jennifer A, Marsiske Michael
Gerontology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Int J Behav Dev. 2002 Jan;26(1):45-59. doi: 10.1080/01650250143000319.
Collaborative cognition research has demonstrated that social partners can positively impact individuals' thinking and problem-solving performance. Research in adulthood and aging has been less clear about dyadic effects, such as partner gender, on collaborative cognition. The current study examined the objective and subjective experiences of older men and women's collaboration on three everyday problems. Tasks included comprehension of everyday printed materials, a social dilemma task, and an errand-planning task. A sample of 98 older married couples (N = 196) worked both collaboratively and individually with either their spouse (N = 52 dyads) or a stranger of the other gender (N = 46 dyads). Analyses conducted using the actor-partner methodology (e.g., Gonzalez & Griffin, 1997; Kenny, 1996) suggest that men tended to be more influential during dyadic problem solving, particularly on more ambiguous tasks. Subjective appraisals of collaboration also varied between male and female partners, with familiarity of partner playing a large role in expectations of collaboration. Most notably, women assigned to work with an unfamiliar male partner tended to rate their satisfaction with collaborative teamwork less positively. Both self and partner-rated subjective appraisals, particularly expectations of competitiveness, were predictive of collaborative performance.
合作认知研究表明，社会伙伴能够对个体的思维和解决问题的能力产生积极影响。关于成年期和老年期的研究，对于诸如伙伴性别等二元效应在合作认知方面的影响尚不太明确。当前的研究考察了老年男性和女性在解决三个日常问题时合作的客观体验和主观体验。任务包括对日常印刷材料的理解、一个社会困境任务以及一个差事规划任务。98对老年已婚夫妇（N = 196）的样本分别与他们的配偶（N = 52对）或另一性别的陌生人（N = 46对）一起进行合作和单独工作。使用行为者 - 伙伴方法进行的分析（例如，冈萨雷斯和格里芬，1997；肯尼，1996）表明，在二元问题解决过程中，男性往往更具影响力，尤其是在更模糊的任务上。男性和女性伙伴对合作的主观评价也有所不同，伙伴的熟悉程度在合作期望中起着很大的作用。最值得注意的是，被分配与不熟悉的男性伙伴合作的女性往往对团队合作的满意度评价较低。自我和伙伴评价的主观评价，特别是对竞争的期望，能够预测合作表现。
