Miller Geoffrey F
Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
Q Rev Biol. 2007 Jun;82(2):97-125. doi: 10.1086/517857.
Moral evolution theories have emphasized kinship, reciprocity, group selection, and equilibrium selection. Yet, moral virtues are also sexually attractive. Darwin suggested that sexual attractiveness may explain many aspects of human morality. This paper updates his argument by integrating recent research on mate choice, person perception, individual differences, costly signaling, and virtue ethics. Many human virtues may have evolved in both sexes through mutual mate choice to advertise good genetic quality, parenting abilities, and/or partner traits. Such virtues may include kindness, fidelity, magnanimity, and heroism, as well as quasi-moral traits like conscientiousness, agreeableness, mental health, and intelligence. This theory leads to many testable predictions about the phenotypic features, genetic bases, and social-cognitive responses to human moral virtues.
道德进化理论强调亲属关系、互惠、群体选择和均衡选择。然而，道德美德在性方面也具有吸引力。达尔文认为，性吸引力或许可以解释人类道德的诸多方面。本文通过整合近期关于配偶选择、人物感知、个体差异、代价信号和美德伦理学的研究，对他的观点进行了更新。许多人类美德可能通过两性间的相互配偶选择而进化，以彰显良好的基因质量、育儿能力和/或伴侣特质。这类美德可能包括善良、忠诚、宽宏大量和英勇，以及诸如尽责、随和、心理健康和聪慧等类似道德的特质。该理论引出了许多关于人类道德美德的表型特征、基因基础和社会认知反应的可检验预测。
