Reilly Anne F, Lange Beverly J
Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Nov;49(6):774-80. doi: 10.1002/pbc.21250.
Infection with viridans group streptococci (VGS) causes morbidity and mortality in children with cancer. Incidence of these infections has increased over time. Neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia and those receiving high-dose cytarabine or undergoing stem cell transplantation are at highest risk. One-third of infected patients develop a shock syndrome despite prompt antibiotic therapy. Host defense mechanisms contribute substantially to colonization and tissue damage, but the origin of the shock syndrome is not well understood. VGS infection may be accompanied by neurological complications, myocarditis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Routine systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis against VGS infection has not been proven effective. Current recommendations include appropriate antibiotic therapy and intensive supportive care.
草绿色链球菌（VGS）感染会导致癌症患儿发病和死亡。随着时间的推移，这些感染的发生率有所上升。急性髓系白血病的中性粒细胞减少患者以及接受大剂量阿糖胞苷治疗或进行干细胞移植的患者风险最高。尽管及时进行了抗生素治疗，但仍有三分之一的感染患者会出现休克综合征。宿主防御机制在定植和组织损伤中起重要作用，但休克综合征的起源尚不清楚。VGS感染可能伴有神经并发症、心肌炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征。常规的针对VGS感染的全身抗菌预防措施尚未被证明有效。目前的建议包括适当的抗生素治疗和强化支持治疗。
