Klepacka Joanna, Skoczeń Szymon, Wojtaszek-Główka Magdalena, Żurek Kacper, Czogała Wojciech, Kwiecińska Kinga, Zakrzewska Zuzanna
Department of Microbiology, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05796-2.
Patients with neoplasms have a high predisposition to bacterial infections, due to the implemented treatment that impairs immunity and numerous risk factors. Numerous research studies have been published on this problem but epidemiological studies are insufficient, and existing data are difficult to generalize on different populations. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections and contaminations in cancer patients hospitalized between 2011 and 2021, with a focus on identifying predominant pathogens, resistance mechanisms, and evaluating the effectiveness of infection prophylaxis. We collected data of blood contaminations and infections epidemiology with cooperation with the Department of Clinical Microbiology UCH. Between 2011 and 2021, 7,667 blood samples were collected and 32,610 tests were performed on 1,914 patients. The analysed cultures were divided into 3 groups depending on the substrate specific for a given group of microorganisms. The number positive test result was 5.5%. The highest detection was noticed in 2021. Differences in the distribution of patients with positive and negative results in individual years were not statistically significant. The most common pathogen detected was Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was also the leader among Gram-positive microorganisms. There were not dominant species among the isolated Gram-negative microorganisms. Detection of anaerobic organisms was rare (only 4 different anaerobic organisms were isolated in single patients). The same was among the fungal observed. Mechanisms of resistance were included in the analysis of all identified strains- the most common was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). Our results confirmed that bacterial infections are still a problem and may indicate the effectiveness of prophylaxis. Most of our results are consistent with the current literature, however we were able to highlight data unique to our patient population. Our findings can be helpful for clinical practice and be base for further research.
由于实施的治疗会损害免疫力以及存在众多风险因素，肿瘤患者极易发生细菌感染。关于这个问题已经发表了大量研究，但流行病学研究并不充分，现有数据难以推广到不同人群。本研究的目的是评估2011年至2021年期间住院癌症患者的细菌和真菌血流感染及污染的流行病学情况，重点是确定主要病原体、耐药机制，并评估感染预防的有效性。我们与UCH临床微生物学系合作收集了血液污染和感染流行病学数据。2011年至2021年期间，共采集了7667份血样，对1914名患者进行了32610次检测。根据特定微生物组的底物，将分析的培养物分为3组。检测呈阳性的结果占5.5%。2021年的检测率最高。各年份阳性和阴性结果患者分布的差异无统计学意义。检测到的最常见病原体是表皮葡萄球菌，它也是革兰氏阳性微生物中的主导菌。分离出的革兰氏阴性微生物中没有优势菌种。厌氧菌的检测很少见（仅在个别患者中分离出4种不同的厌氧菌）。真菌检测情况也是如此。对所有鉴定出的菌株分析了耐药机制，最常见的是耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）。我们的结果证实细菌感染仍然是一个问题，并且可能表明预防措施的有效性。我们的大多数结果与当前文献一致，然而我们能够突出我们患者群体特有的数据。我们的发现有助于临床实践，并为进一步研究奠定基础。
