Miller Matthew R, Nichols Peter D, Carter Chris G
School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2007 Oct;148(2):382-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.05.018. Epub 2007 May 29.
Replacing fish oil with that from a docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3, DHA) rich single cell micro-organism, thraustochytrid Schizochytrium sp. L, in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated. Four experimental diets containing 100% thraustochytrid oil (TO), 100% palm oil (PO) and a 4:1 palm and thraustochytrid oil mixture (MX) were compared to a fish oil (FO) diet over 9 weeks. A saltwater transfer challenge occurred at the end of the trial for 14 days to test the diet treatments on the ability of salmon to smolt. There were no significant differences in the feed consumption of the diets or the digestibility of the omega3 or omega6 PUFA, indicating no differences in the digestibility of fatty acids between diets. No significant differences were noted between the growth of fish on the four diet treatments. Significant differences were noted in the fatty acid profiles of the fish muscle tissues between all diets. Fish on the TO diet had a significantly greater percentage of DHA in muscle tissue compared with fish on all other diets. Blood osmolarity, which is inversely related to the ability of salmon to smolt, from the TO and FO fed fish was significantly lower than that of fish on the PO diet. This study showed that thraustochytrid oil can be used to replace fish oil in Atlantic salmon diets without detriment to the growth of parr. Including thraustochytrid oil in fish diets significantly increases the amount of DHA in Atlantic salmon muscle and therefore is a candidate for use in oil blends for salmon diets. Thraustochytrid oil provides a renewable source of essential fatty acids, in particular DHA, for aquafeeds.
研究了用富含二十二碳六烯酸（22:6ω3，DHA）的单细胞微生物——裂殖壶菌Schizochytrium sp. L的油脂替代大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）日粮中鱼油的效果。将四种实验日粮（分别含100%裂殖壶菌油脂（TO）、100%棕榈油（PO）以及4:1的棕榈油与裂殖壶菌油脂混合物（MX））与一种鱼油（FO）日粮进行了为期9周的比较。试验结束时进行了为期14天的海水转移挑战，以测试日粮处理对鲑鱼洄游能力的影响。各日粮的采食量或ω3或ω6多不饱和脂肪酸的消化率均无显著差异，表明不同日粮间脂肪酸消化率无差异。四种日粮处理组鱼的生长情况未观察到显著差异。所有日粮间鱼肌肉组织的脂肪酸组成存在显著差异。与其他所有日粮组的鱼相比，TO日粮组的鱼肌肉组织中DHA的百分比显著更高。TO和FO日粮组鱼的血液渗透压显著低于PO日粮组的鱼，而血液渗透压与鲑鱼的洄游能力呈负相关。本研究表明，裂殖壶菌油脂可用于替代大西洋鲑日粮中的鱼油，而不会对幼鱼生长产生不利影响。在鱼日粮中添加裂殖壶菌油脂可显著提高大西洋鲑肌肉中的DHA含量，因此是鲑鱼日粮油脂混合物的候选成分。裂殖壶菌油脂为水产饲料提供了一种可再生的必需脂肪酸来源，尤其是DHA。
