Psychoeducation in schizophrenia: 7-year follow-up concerning rehospitalization and days in hospital in the Munich Psychosis Information Project Study.

OBJECTIVE

According to most of the relevant guidelines, psychoeducation is considered a basic part of routine therapy for patients with schizophrenia; scientific proofs of its efficacy are based mainly on the results of 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Therefore, the long-term effects of psychoeducation over a period of 7 years were investigated in regard to rehospitalization rates and hospital days.

METHOD

Of 101 patients with DSM-III-R or ICD-9 schizophrenia randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group between 1990 and 1994, 48 patients were available for follow-up after 7 years. During their index stay, the 24 patients of the intervention group and their key relatives each received a separate psychoeducational group therapy. The 24 patients of the control group received the usual treatment. After index discharge, all 48 patients received a comparable outpatient treatment. Main outcome measures were rehospitalization rate, number of intervening hospital days, compliance, and mean number of consumed chlorpromazine (CPZ) units.

RESULTS

Seven years after index discharge, the rate of rehospitalization was 54% in the intervention group and 88% in the control group. The rate of rehospitalization per patient was 1.5 in the intervention group and 2.9 in the control group (p < .05). In the intervening period, the mean number of hospital days spent in a psychiatric hospital was 75 in the intervention group and 225 days in the control group. (p < .05). The mean number of consumed CPZ units after 7 years was 354 in the intervention and 267 in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Seven years after psychoeducational group therapy, significant effects on the long-term course of the illness can be found. Therefore, the integration of psychoeducation into standard therapy for schizophrenia should become obligatory.