Cao Xupeng, Fu Wantao, Yu Xingju, Zhang Wei
Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
Cell Tissue Res. 2007 Sep;329(3):595-608. doi: 10.1007/s00441-007-0443-1. Epub 2007 Jun 26.
To characterize the formation of silica spicules, the dynamics of spiculogenesis of an intertidal marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu 1818) (Porifera: Demospongiae) were investigated by measuring the gene expression of silicatein (the enzyme responsible for spicule silicification) and the dimensional changes of spicules during the developmental process of individual sponges and in cell cultures of primmorphs of archaeocyte-dominant cell populations. The different developmental stages of spicules were documented by time-lapse microscopy and observed by transmission electron microscopy during a 1-month culture period. During its annual life cycle, H. perlevis has four different developmental stages: dormancy, resuscitation, bloom, and decline. Field-grown individual sponge samples at different stages were collected over 7 months (March to September 2005). The dimensions of the silica spicules from these samples were microscopically measured and statistically analyzed. This analysis and the material properties of the spicules allowed them to be classified into four groups representing the different developmental stages of spiculogenesis. Silicatein expression in the bloom stage was more than 100 times higher than that in the other stages and was correlated with the spicule developmental stage. The trend of spicule formation in field-grown sponges was consistent with the trend in cell culture. A new parameter, the maturation degree (MD) of spicules (defined as the ratio of actual to theoretical silica deposition of mature spicules), was introduced to quantify spicule development. Silica spiculogenesis during H. perlevis development was delineated by comparing MD and silicatein expression.
为了表征硅质骨针的形成过程，通过测量硅质蛋白（负责骨针硅化的酶）的基因表达以及在单个海绵的发育过程中以及在以原始细胞为主的细胞群体的原胚细胞培养物中骨针的尺寸变化，研究了潮间带海洋海绵 Hymeniacidon perlevis（蒙塔古，1818 年）（多孔动物门：寻常海绵纲）骨针形成的动力学。在为期 1 个月的培养期内，通过延时显微镜记录骨针的不同发育阶段，并通过透射电子显微镜进行观察。在其年度生命周期中，H. perlevis 有四个不同的发育阶段：休眠、复苏、繁盛和衰退。在 7 个月（2005 年 3 月至 9 月）期间收集了不同阶段的野外生长的单个海绵样本。对这些样本中的硅质骨针尺寸进行了显微镜测量并进行了统计分析。该分析以及骨针的材料特性使它们能够被分为代表骨针形成不同发育阶段的四组。繁盛阶段的硅质蛋白表达比其他阶段高 100 多倍，并且与骨针发育阶段相关。野外生长的海绵中骨针形成的趋势与细胞培养中的趋势一致。引入了一个新参数，即骨针的成熟度（MD）（定义为成熟骨针实际与理论硅沉积的比率）来量化骨针发育。通过比较 MD 和硅质蛋白表达来描绘 H. perlevis 发育过程中的硅质骨针形成。
