医学院校和护理院校领导针对临床研究事业所面临挑战提出的解决方案与策略。

Murillo Horacio, Reece E Albert

Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Acad Med. 2007 Jul;82(7):625-32. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318065b4f9.

PURPOSE

For decades, the U.S. clinical research enterprise and its workforce have faced diminishing numbers and significant challenges. This study, conducted by the Institute of Medicine's Clinical Research Roundtable (CRR), sought to learn about the perceptions by medical and nursing school deans of these challenges or the efforts and strategies needed to address them.

METHOD

The authors mailed structured questionnaires about clinical research and workforce issues to medical and nursing school deans in the continental United States in the fall of 2003, and on October 16 and 17, 2003, the CRR held a two-day workshop with deans and their representatives to discuss the survey findings and to propose solutions.

RESULTS

Survey participation was 55 (45%) for medical school deans and 37 (46%) for nursing school deans. Various efforts exist at individual schools for recruitment, training, and retention of clinical researchers. Most of the responding medical (53; 96.7%) and nursing (28; 75.4%) school deans reported that demand for clinical researchers exceeded or sharply exceeded supply, and about half of these institutions had a formal mentor program for their students. The percentage of graduates with methodological training in clinical research varied widely, with a mode of 10% and 100% for medical and nursing schools, respectively. Most medical school deans (47; 85.5%) rated their basic research enterprises good to excellent, whereas only a third (19; 34.6%) rated their clinical research programs similarly. Likewise, nursing school deans rated their basic research programs more favorably (23; 62.2%) than they rated their clinical research enterprises (17; 46.0%). However, prioritization of changes needed to address the challenges facing clinical research and its workforce were similar for medical and nursing school deans.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical research is underdeveloped and underrepresented within the clinical research enterprise. There is a need to develop and execute uniform strategies to grow and expand the clinical research workforce. Workshop participants, including 14 deans or their representatives as panelists and CRR members, proposed solutions and strategies.

目的

几十年来，美国临床研究事业及其从业人员数量一直在减少，并面临重大挑战。这项由医学研究所临床研究圆桌会议（CRR）开展的研究，旨在了解医学院和护理学院院长对这些挑战的看法，以及应对这些挑战所需的努力和策略。

方法

作者于2003年秋季向美国大陆的医学院和护理学院院长邮寄了关于临床研究和劳动力问题的结构化问卷，并于2003年10月16日和17日，CRR与院长及其代表举行了为期两天的研讨会，以讨论调查结果并提出解决方案。

结果

医学院院长的调查参与率为55人（45%），护理学院院长的参与率为37人（46%）。各学校在临床研究人员的招聘、培训和留用方面做出了各种努力。大多数回复的医学院院长（53人；96.7%）和护理学院院长（28人；75.4%）报告称，临床研究人员的需求超过或大幅超过了供应，其中约一半的机构为学生设立了正式的导师计划。接受临床研究方法培训的毕业生比例差异很大，医学院和护理学院的这一比例分别为10%和100%（众数）。大多数医学院院长（47人；85.5%）对其基础研究事业的评价为良好到优秀，而只有三分之一（19人；34.6%）对其临床研究项目给出了类似评价。同样，护理学院院长对其基础研究项目的评价（23人；62.2%）比对其临床研究事业的评价（17人；46.0%）更积极。然而，医学院和护理学院院长在应对临床研究及其从业人员面临的挑战所需变革的优先排序上是相似的。